Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backward treadmill gait training between underwater and ground environments on strength, proprioception, and walking ability in persons with stroke. Design: Randomized control trial. Methods: Twenty eight subjects participated in...
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backward treadmill gait training between underwater and ground environments on strength, proprioception, and walking ability in persons with stroke. Design: Randomized control trial. Methods: Twenty eight subjects participated in the study in which they were randomly assigned to either the underwater backward treadmill training (UBTT) group (n=13) or the BTT group (n=15). In both groups, forward gait training was performed for 20 minutes on the ground treadmill. The UBTT group performed backward gait on an underwater treadmill for 20 minutes while the BTT group performed backward gait on a ground treadmill for 20 minutes. The gait training in each group was performed twice a week for a total of six weeks. Muscle strength, proprioception, and gait ability was assessed using a digital power meter, joint angle recurrence method using the smartphone protractor application, the Figure-of-Eight walk test (F8W) and the functional gait assessment (FGA) respectively. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in strength, F8W and FGA scores after training (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in proprioception after training (p<0.05). In the comparison between the two groups, there was a greater significant change in the UBTT group for joint proprioception (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that both backward treadmill gait training programs were effective on strength, proprioception, and gait ability, and that underwater training was particularly effective on proprioception compared to ground training.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backward treadmill gait training between underwater and ground environments on strength, proprioception, and walking ability in persons with stroke. Design: Randomized control trial. Methods: Twenty eight subjects participated in the study in which they were randomly assigned to either the underwater backward treadmill training (UBTT) group (n=13) or the BTT group (n=15). In both groups, forward gait training was performed for 20 minutes on the ground treadmill. The UBTT group performed backward gait on an underwater treadmill for 20 minutes while the BTT group performed backward gait on a ground treadmill for 20 minutes. The gait training in each group was performed twice a week for a total of six weeks. Muscle strength, proprioception, and gait ability was assessed using a digital power meter, joint angle recurrence method using the smartphone protractor application, the Figure-of-Eight walk test (F8W) and the functional gait assessment (FGA) respectively. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in strength, F8W and FGA scores after training (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in proprioception after training (p<0.05). In the comparison between the two groups, there was a greater significant change in the UBTT group for joint proprioception (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that both backward treadmill gait training programs were effective on strength, proprioception, and gait ability, and that underwater training was particularly effective on proprioception compared to ground training.
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제안 방법
Proprioception was measured with the subject performing a one-legged stance on the unaffected side and using the affected side to achieve hip and knee flexion and extension up to a target angle within a range of 0 to 90 degrees. After a 10-second rest period, the subject was asked to actively perform hip and knee flexion and extension again up to the same target angle within five seconds. The error angle was calculated between the initial target joint angle and the range achieved the second time in order to assess the subject’s degree of proprioception.
All subjects in this study were subjected to forward gait training at a rate of 1.0 m/sec for 20 minutes on the ground treadmill, and after a 15-minute rest period, the subjects who had been randomly assigned to either the UBTT group or the BTT group performed backward gait training for 20 minutes. Therefore, the total intervention time of the two groups was 40 minutes per session, twice a week for 6 weeks[21].
In order to investigate walking ability, the F8W and functional gait assessment (FGA) were compared before and after intervention for each group. There was a significant improvement in F8W and FGA scores in the UBTT group and BTT group (p<0.
The error angle was calculated between the initial target joint angle and the range achieved the second time in order to assess the subject’s degree of proprioception.
This tool measures the muscle force for isometric movements and uses the unit Newton [22]. The muscle strength test was performed with the subject in side-lying position with the paretic side facing up. Hip and knee flexion and extension strength was assessed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of backward treadmill training underwater on strength, proprioceptive sensation, balance, and walking ability and to compare with ground treadmill training.
However, studies using functional backward gait training on an underwater treadmill have been conducted only in case studies on healthy children [17], or children with cerebral palsy [18]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backward gait training on an underwater treadmill on strength, proprioception, balance and walking ability in persons with stroke and to compare the results with back gait training performed on a treadmill on the ground.
To investigate the improvement of walking ability, the F8W and the FGA tests were used for evaluation. In the UBTT and the BTT groups, the F8W and the FGA scores showed significant changes before and after the intervention (p<0.
대상 데이터
A total of 28 participants participated in this study and were randomly assigned to either the UBTT group (n=13) or the BTT group (n=15). There was no statistically significant difference in sex, age, height, weight, type, paralysis, duration of disease, and MMSE scores between the two groups (p>0.
A total of 30 subjects who have met the selection criteria were randomly assigned to an either the underwater backward treadmill training (UBTT) group (n=15) or the BTT group (n=15). During the study, two subjects were discharged from the UBTT group, leaving a total of 13 persons who have participated in the UBTT group.
A total of 30 subjects who have met the selection criteria were randomly assigned to an either the underwater backward treadmill training (UBTT) group (n=15) or the BTT group (n=15). During the study, two subjects were discharged from the UBTT group, leaving a total of 13 persons who have participated in the UBTT group. This study was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Daejeon University (IRB No.
The subjects of this study were those diagnosed with stroke who had been admitted to a rehabilitation hospital located in Daejeon Metropolitan City.
데이터처리
The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for the normality analysis of all variables. The UBTT and the BTT groups were compared using the paired t-test to compare before and after intervention, and the difference between groups was analysed with the independent t-test. The statistical significance level was set as α=0.
이론/모형
The chi-square test and independent sample t-test confirmed the homogeneity between the groups. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for the normality analysis of all variables. The UBTT and the BTT groups were compared using the paired t-test to compare before and after intervention, and the difference between groups was analysed with the independent t-test.
성능/효과
The results of this study showed that there was a significant improvement in muscle strength in both the UBTT and BTT groups after intervention (p<0.05), but the difference between before and after intervention was not significant (p>0.05).
There was no statistically significant difference in sex, age, height, weight, type, paralysis, duration of disease, and MMSE scores between the two groups (p>0.05; Table 1).
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