방글라데시는 인도히말라야와 인도차이나 경계에 위치한 아열대 몬순기후지역이며 생물다양성 핫스팟으로 알려져 있다. 식생은 활엽수림, 침엽수 및 혼효림으로 구성되어 있으며 습지와 망그로브로 이루어져 있다. 자연경관은 많은 강과 해안선 및 언덕과 농업 산림으로 이루어진 수려한 경관이다. 전 세계적인 선라반이라 불리는 망그로브가 있으며, 이 지역은 방글라데시와 인도 중간에 위치하고 있으며, 1999년 유네스코 세계자연유산지역이다. 망그로브의 62%가 방글라데시에 위치하고 있으며, 많은 동식물이 존재한다. 그러나 많은 사람으로 인해 자연환경이 변화고 있으며, 벌채림이 증가하고, 자연서식자가 감소된다. 이런 이유로 많은 종이 멸종에 처하게 되고 사라진 종도 많다. 이 지역 사람들은 직간접적으로 자연자원에 이익을 얻게 되며, 현재 생태관광이 주 수입원이다. 자연자원의 보호를 위해 정부는 각종 법령을 제정하고 있으며 많은 NGO가 생물다양성과 생태계 보전을 위해 노력하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 접경지역을 통한 오염물질과 자연재해는 방글라데시의 큰 위협요인이다.
방글라데시는 인도히말라야와 인도차이나 경계에 위치한 아열대 몬순기후지역이며 생물다양성 핫스팟으로 알려져 있다. 식생은 활엽수림, 침엽수 및 혼효림으로 구성되어 있으며 습지와 망그로브로 이루어져 있다. 자연경관은 많은 강과 해안선 및 언덕과 농업 산림으로 이루어진 수려한 경관이다. 전 세계적인 선라반이라 불리는 망그로브가 있으며, 이 지역은 방글라데시와 인도 중간에 위치하고 있으며, 1999년 유네스코 세계자연유산지역이다. 망그로브의 62%가 방글라데시에 위치하고 있으며, 많은 동식물이 존재한다. 그러나 많은 사람으로 인해 자연환경이 변화고 있으며, 벌채림이 증가하고, 자연서식자가 감소된다. 이런 이유로 많은 종이 멸종에 처하게 되고 사라진 종도 많다. 이 지역 사람들은 직간접적으로 자연자원에 이익을 얻게 되며, 현재 생태관광이 주 수입원이다. 자연자원의 보호를 위해 정부는 각종 법령을 제정하고 있으며 많은 NGO가 생물다양성과 생태계 보전을 위해 노력하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 접경지역을 통한 오염물질과 자연재해는 방글라데시의 큰 위협요인이다.
Bangladesh is a South Asian country with subtropical monsoonal climate between the intersection of the Indo-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions, is known as biodiversity hotspot of the Asian region. The country has different types of forest like deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, h...
Bangladesh is a South Asian country with subtropical monsoonal climate between the intersection of the Indo-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions, is known as biodiversity hotspot of the Asian region. The country has different types of forest like deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, haor (wetlands) and mangrove forest. The natural beauty of the country is increased with the presence of so many rivers, longest sea beach of the world, green plants, critical hilly regions and green agricultural forest widely spread here and there. Sundarbans is the world largest mangrove forest and world natural heritage site declared by UNESCO in 1999 situated in Bangladesh and India. About 62 percent of this mangrove forest is situated in Bangladesh and there are so many plants and animals are found in this forest. To meet the increasing demand of the large population most of the natural ecosystem is now altered, deforestation rate is increased, natural habitat of the species is disturbed. Due to the imbalance of the climate and natural system many of the rare species of the world found this region is now endangered and some of the species are extinct. Directly or indirectly they are benefited from natural resources. At present time community, based ecotourism is also an important source of income for rural poor peoples. To protect the natural resources the government is now developed so many conservation acts and policy as well NGOs are also doing work for the conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity. At present transboundary pollutants and so many natural disasters also destruct the natural resources of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is a South Asian country with subtropical monsoonal climate between the intersection of the Indo-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions, is known as biodiversity hotspot of the Asian region. The country has different types of forest like deciduous forest, evergreen forest, mixed forest, haor (wetlands) and mangrove forest. The natural beauty of the country is increased with the presence of so many rivers, longest sea beach of the world, green plants, critical hilly regions and green agricultural forest widely spread here and there. Sundarbans is the world largest mangrove forest and world natural heritage site declared by UNESCO in 1999 situated in Bangladesh and India. About 62 percent of this mangrove forest is situated in Bangladesh and there are so many plants and animals are found in this forest. To meet the increasing demand of the large population most of the natural ecosystem is now altered, deforestation rate is increased, natural habitat of the species is disturbed. Due to the imbalance of the climate and natural system many of the rare species of the world found this region is now endangered and some of the species are extinct. Directly or indirectly they are benefited from natural resources. At present time community, based ecotourism is also an important source of income for rural poor peoples. To protect the natural resources the government is now developed so many conservation acts and policy as well NGOs are also doing work for the conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity. At present transboundary pollutants and so many natural disasters also destruct the natural resources of Bangladesh.
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문제 정의
Hakaluki haor (wetland) is considered as ecologically critical areas in 2000 as a project site of the Community Based Haor and Floodplain Resource Management Project of IUCN Bangladesh under Sustainable Environment Management Programme (SEMP), supported by the UNDP and implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forests during 1998-2005. The aim of the project is the improvement of the wellbeing of the people, sustainable development, poverty alleviation and capacity building of local communities for effective wetland resource management. Between 2001 and 2005, communities were engaged through motivation, awareness raising, establishment of community based organizations, capacity building, providing alternative income generation and other support to enhance awareness and capacity for wise use of wetland resources.
The project established sanctuaries for managing and enhancing biodiversity of the wetlands. The initiative showed improvement in wetland management and in fish biodiversity by the communities. Trends of fish production increased in 50 (77%) of the 64 project water bodies.
At the same time, alternative income generating options such as duck rearing, vegetable production, livestock rearing, aquaculture and cage culture were introduced to reduce people’s dependency on natural resources. The project established sanctuaries for managing and enhancing biodiversity of the wetlands. The initiative showed improvement in wetland management and in fish biodiversity by the communities.
A couple of ECAs, namely Hakaluki Haor and Teknaf Peninsula were included in this project. The project revealed that by understanding the local context, a mix of strategies needed to be considered for better management of wetlands and forests. The three phased (2006-2015) Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor Project (Tanguar Haor Project) aimed at establishing an effective co-management process for sustainable management of haor resources to create an opportunity for development of life and livelihoods of the people living in this Ramsar Site.
제안 방법
Between 2001 and 2005, communities were engaged through motivation, awareness raising, establishment of community based organizations, capacity building, providing alternative income generation and other support to enhance awareness and capacity for wise use of wetland resources. The project also took conservation measures, like swamp protection and plantation, re-excavation of wetlands, establishment of fish conservation area, species conservation (e.g. Tursiops truncatus, Helix pomatia Haliaeetus leucoryphus and Testudines). To retain and enhance the capacity of ecosystem management, many village groups formed in Hakaluki Haor under SEMP were institutionalized and nurtured as Village (Ecosystem) Conservation Groups by other projects, namely the CWBMP and the CBA-ECA Project.
The red list was published as part of Bangladesh Forest Department’s project entitled ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ funded by The World Bank. The sub-project was implemented from December 2013 to June 2016 to reduce the current knowledge gap of conservation and risk of existing species status by updating the previous Red List of Bangladesh which was published in 2000. List of Endangered and vulnerable Animals of Bangladesh are respectively Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Banteng (Bos javanicus), Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus), Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus), Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus), Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica), Hispid Hare (Caprolagus hispidus), Hoolock Gibbon (Bunipithecus hoolock), Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger), Tiger (Panthera tigris) and Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), Asiatic Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii), Assam Macaque (Macaca assamensis), Barasingha (Cervus duvaucelii), Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Dugong (Dugong dugon), Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra), Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Gaur (Bos frontalis), Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Irrawaddy Squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus), Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), Northern Pigtail Macaque (Macaca leonina), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), Stumptail Macaque (Macaca arctoides) (2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals).
대상 데이터
In continuation of this initiative, USAID supported implementation of Integrated Protected Area Co-management (IPAC) Project (2009-2012) in association with the Bangladesh Forest Department and the Department of Fisheries to promote and institutionalize an integrated protected area co-management system for sustainable natural resources management and biodiversity conservation. A couple of ECAs, namely Hakaluki Haor and Teknaf Peninsula were included in this project. The project revealed that by understanding the local context, a mix of strategies needed to be considered for better management of wetlands and forests.
This UNDP and FAO supported initiative aimed at bringing about positive qualitative and quantitative changes in the lives of poor coastal fishing communities left outside formal institutions. The project organized these fishing communities into about 250 village organizations (VO) in 117 villages. It succeeded in empowering them with self-recognition, strength of collective organization and the knowledge to manage their livelihoods and managing depleted fishery resources in the coastal areas.
성능/효과
The latest Red List status of the wildlife in Bangladesh that has been assessed over the last two and half years was disseminated by this event. Among 1,619 assessed species, 50% of species are found as least concern, 2% as regionally extinct, 3% as critically endangered, 11% as endangered, 9% as vulnerable, and 6% as near threatened. Thirty one species are found as extinct from the country including 11 mammals, 19 birds and 1 reptile.
The sub-project was implemented from December 2013 to June 2016 to reduce the current knowledge gap of conservation and risk of existing species status by updating the previous Red List of Bangladesh which was published in 2000. List of Endangered and vulnerable Animals of Bangladesh are respectively Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Banteng (Bos javanicus), Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus), Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus), Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus), Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica), Hispid Hare (Caprolagus hispidus), Hoolock Gibbon (Bunipithecus hoolock), Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger), Tiger (Panthera tigris) and Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), Asiatic Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii), Assam Macaque (Macaca assamensis), Barasingha (Cervus duvaucelii), Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Dugong (Dugong dugon), Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra), Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Gaur (Bos frontalis), Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Irrawaddy Squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus), Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis), Northern Pigtail Macaque (Macaca leonina), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), Stumptail Macaque (Macaca arctoides) (2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals). A small project entitled ‘Ecology of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh’ was implemented in 1999 by IUCN-Bangladesh with teachers and students from Jahangirnagar University and University of Dhaka.
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