최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.27 no.10 = no.210, 2017년, pp.1215 - 1224
김혜민 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) , 김정안 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) , 우효정 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) , 홍정현 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) , 김진엽 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) , 김희수 (부산대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과)
Until now, various oncogenic pathways were idenfied. The accumulation of DNA mutation induces genomic instability in the cell, and it makes cancer. The development of bioinformatics and genomics, to find the precise and reliable biomarker is available. This biomarker could be applied the early-digno...
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
---|---|---|
이동성 유전인자란? | 이동성 유전인자는 유전체 내에서 자유로이 움직일 수 있는 유전인자로, 인간 유전체에서 45%를 차지한다[14]. 이러한 이동성 유전인자는 인간 유전체 내에서 프로모터나 인핸서 등 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 역할을 한다[10, 34]. | |
이동성 유전인자의 역할은? | 이동성 유전인자는 유전체 내에서 자유로이 움직일 수 있는 유전인자로, 인간 유전체에서 45%를 차지한다[14]. 이러한 이동성 유전인자는 인간 유전체 내에서 프로모터나 인핸서 등 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 역할을 한다[10, 34]. 또한 다른 유전자에 삽입되거나 유전자의 재배열을 일으키면서 질병을 발생시키기도 한다[8, 23]. | |
MET 원발암 유전자의 전사의 비정상적인 전사는 무엇을 유발하는가? | 정상적으로는 LINE-1이 메틸화되어 있어 MET유전자의 전사가 억제되지만, LINE-1의 저메틸화가 일어날 경우, 메틸기에 의해 억제되어 있던 LINE-1의 안티센스 프로모터가 작동함으로써 결장암의 전이 및 진행에서 MET 원발암 유전자의 전사를 유발한다 [9]. 이러한 비정상적인 전사로 인해 MET유전자가 원발암 유전자로 작용하게 되며, 이는 대장암의 전이가 진행될 때 더 많이 유발된다(Table 1). |
Batzer, M. A. and Deininger, P. L. 2002. Alu repeats and human genomic diversity. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3, 370-379.
Boxus, M. and Willems, L. 2009. Mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence and transformation. Br. J. Cancer 101, 1497-1501.
Chenais, B. 2013. Transposable elements and human cancer: a causal relationship? Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Rev. Cancer 1835, 28-35.
Chen, J. M., Stenson, P. D., Cooper, D. N. and Ferec, C. 2005. A systematic analysis of LINE-1 endonuclease-dependent retrotranspositional events causing human genetic disease. Hum. Genet. 117, 411-427.
Cruickshanks, H. A., Vafadar-Isfahani, N., Dunican, D. S., Lee, A., Sproul, D., Lund, J. N., Meehan, R. R. and Tufarelli, C. 2013. Expression of a large LINE-1-driven antisense RNA is linked to epigenetic silencing of the metastasis suppressor gene TFPI-2 in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, 6857-6869.
Feinberg, A. P. and Vogelstein, B. 1983. Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts. Nature 301, 89-92.
Hulsken, J., Birchmeier, W. and Behrens, J. 1994. E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 127, 2061-2069.
Hedges, D. and Deininger, P. 2007. Inviting instability: Transposable elements, double-strand breaks, and the maintenance of genome integrity. Mutat. Res. 616, 46-59.
Hur, K., Cejas, P., Feliu, J., Moreno-Rubio, J., Burgos, E., Boland, C. R. and Goel, A. 2014. Hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) leads to activation of proto-oncogenes in human colorectal cancer metastasis. Gut 63, 635-646.
Jordan, I. K., Rogozin, I. B., Glazko, G. V. and Koonin, E. V. 2003. Origin of a substantial fraction of human regulatory sequences from transposable elements. Trends Genet. 19, 68-72.
Jung, Y. D., Huh, J. W., Kim, D. S., Kim, Y. J., Ahn, K., Ha, H. S., Lee, J. R., Yi, J. M., Moon, J. W. and Kim, T. O. 2011. Quantitative analysis of transcript variants of CHM gene containing LTR12C element in humans. Gene 489, 1-5.
Kazazian, H. H. 2004. Mobile elements: drivers of genome evolution. Science 303, 1626-1632.
Kloor, M., Sutter, C., Wentzensen, N., Cremer, F. W., Buckowitz, A., Keller, M., von Knebel Doeberitz, M. and Gebert, J. 2004. A large MSH2 Alu insertion mutation causes HNPCC in a German kindred. Hum. Genet. 115, 432-438.
Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M. and FitzHugh, W. 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860-921.
Lerat, E. and Semon, M. 2007. Influence of the transposable element neighborhood on human gene expression in normal and tumor tissues. Gene 396, 303-311.
Li, L., McVety, S., Younan, R., Liang, P., Du Sart, D., Gordon, P. H., Hutter, P., Hogervorst, F. B., Chong, G. and Foulkes, W. D. 2006. Distinct patterns of germ line deletions in MLH1 and MSH2: the implication of Alu repetitive element in the genetic etiology of Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). Hum. Mutat. 27, 388-388.
Liang, Q., Ding, J., Xu, R., Xu, Z. and Zheng, S. 2009. Identification of a novel human endogenous retrovirus and promoter activity of its 5′U3. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 382, 468-472.
Liang, Q., Xu, Z., Xu, R., Wu, L. and Zheng, S. 2012. Expression patterns of non-coding spliced transcripts from human endogenous retrovirus HERV-H elements in colon cancer. PLoS One 7, e29950.
Lin, X., Stenvang, J., Rasmussen, M. H., Zhu, S., Jensen, N. F., Tarpgaard, L. S., Yang, G., Belling, K., Andersen, C. L. and Li, J. 2015. The potential role of Alu Y in the development of resistance to SN38 (Irinotecan) or oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. BMC Genomics 16, 404.
Matlik, K., Redik, K. and Speek, M. 2006. L1 antisense promoter drives tissue-specific transcription of human genes. J. Biomed. Biotecnol. 2006, 71753.
Mauillon, J. L., Michel, P., Limacher, J. M., Latouche, J. B., Dechelotte, P., Charbonnier, F., Martin, C., Moreau, V., Metayer, J. and Paillot, B. 1996. Identification of novel germline hMLH1 mutations including a 22 kb Alu-mediated deletion in patients with familial colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 56, 5728-5733.
Miki, Y., Nishisho, I., Horii, A., Miyoshi, Y., Utsunomiya, J., Kinzler, K. W., Vogelstein, B. and Nakamura, Y. 1992. Disruption of the APC gene by a retrotransposal insertion of L1 sequence in a colon cancer. Cancer Res. 52, 643-645.
Mills, R. E., Bennett, E. A., Iskow, R. C. and Devine, S. E. 2007. Which transposable elements are active in the human genome? Trends Genet. 23, 183-191.
Mori, Y., Nagse, H., Ando, H., Horii, A., Ichii, S., Nakatsuru, S., Aoki, T., Miki, Y., Mori, T. and Nakamura, Y. 1992. Somatic mutations of the APC gene in colorectal tumors: mutation cluster region in the APC gene. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1, 229-233.
Moussa, S. A. B., Moussa, A., Lovecchio, T., Kourda, N., Najjar, T., Jilani, S. B., El Gaaied, A., Porchet, N., Manai, M. and Buisine, M. P. 2009. Identification and characterization of a novel MLH1 genomic rearrangement as the cause of HNPCC in a Tunisian family: evidence for a homologous Alu-mediated recombination. Fam. Cancer 8, 119-126.
National Cancer Center. 2014. Annual report of cancer statistics in Korea in 2013. Goyang, Korea: National Cancer Center.
Nystrom-Lahti, M., Kristo, P., Nicolaides, N. C., Chang, S. Y., Aaltonen, L. A., Moisio, A. L., Jarvinen, H. J., Mecklin, J. P., Kinzler, K. W. and Vogelstein, B. 1995. Founding mutations and Alu-mediated recombination in hereditary colon cancer. Nat. Med. 1, 1203-1206.
Ostertag, E. M. and Kazazian Jr, H. H. 2001. Biology of mammalian L1 retrotransposons. Annu. Rev. Genet. 35, 501-538.
Perot, P., Mullins, C. S., Naville, M., Bressan, C., Huhns, M., Gock, M., Kuhn, F., Volff, J. N., Trillet-Lenoir, V. and Linnebacher, M. 2015. Expression of young HERV-H loci in the course of colorectal carcinoma and correlation with molecular subtypes. Oncotarget 6, 40095.
Peltomaki, P. 2003. Role of DNA mismatch repair defects in the pathogenesis of human cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 1174-1179.
Rodriguez, J., Vives, L., Jorda, M., Morales, C., Munoz, M., Vendrell, E. and Peinado, M. A. 2008. Genome-wide tracking of unmethylated DNA Alu repeats in normal and cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 770-784.
Salmon, A., Clotault, J., Jenczewski, E., Chable, V. and Manzanares-Dauleux, M. J. 2008. Brassica oleracea displays a high level of DNA methylation polymorphism. Plant Sci. 174, 61-70.
Signorini, L., Villani, S., Bregni, M., Ferrante, P. and Delbue, S. 2016. Do the human endogenous retroviruses play a role in colon cancer? Adv. Tumor Virol. 6, 11.
Slotkin, R. K. and Martienssen, R. 2007. Transposable elements and the epigenetic regulation of the genome. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8, 272-285.
Suter, C. M., Martin, D. I. and Ward, R. L. 2004. Hypomethylation of L1 retrotransposons in colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissue. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 19, 95-101.
Sverdlov, E. D. 2000. Retroviruses and primate evolution. Bioessays 22, 161-171.
Swergold, G. D. 1990. Identification, characterization, and cell specificity of a human LINE-1 promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 6718-6729.
Swets, M., Zaalberg, A., Boot, A., Van Wezel, T., Frouws, M. A., Bastiaannet, E., Gelderblom, H., Van De Velde, C. J. and Kuppen, P. J. 2016. Tumor LINE-1 methylation level in association with survival of patients with stage II colon cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 36.
Thorsen, K., Sorensen, K. D., Brems-Eskildsen, A. S., Modin, C., Gaustadnes, M., Hein, A. M. K., Kruhoffer, M., Laurberg, S., Borre, M. and Wang, K. 2008. Alternative splicing in colon, bladder, and prostate cancer identified by exon array analysis. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7, 1214-1224.
Umar, A., Buermeyer, A. B., Simon, J. A., Thomas, D. C., Clark, A. B., Liskay, R. M. and Kunkel, T. A. 1996. Requirement for PCNA in DNA mismatch repair at a step preceding DNA resynthesis. Cell 87, 65-73.
van den Hurk, J. A., van de Pol, D. J., Wissinger, B., van Driel, M. A., Hoefsloot, L. H., de Wijs, I. J., van den Born, L. I., Heckenlively, J. R., Brunner, H. G. and Zrenner, E. 2003. Novel types of mutation in the choroideremia (CHM) gene: a full-length L1 insertion and an intronic mutation activating a cryptic exon. Hum. Genet. 113, 268-275.
Wolff, E. M., Byun, H. M., Han, H. F., Sharma, S., Nichols, P. W., Siegmund, K. D., Yang, A. S., Jones, P. A. and Liang, G. 2010. Hypomethylation of a LINE-1 promoter activates an alternate transcript of the MET oncogene in bladders with cancer. PLoS Genet. 6, e1000917.
Wong, J. J. L., Hawkins, N. J. and Ward, R. L. 2007. Colorectal cancer: a model for epigenetic tumorigenesis. Gut 56, 140-148.
World Health Organization. 2014. GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Xing, J., Hedges, D. J., Han, K., Wang, H., Cordaux, R. and Batzer, M. A. 2004. Alu element mutation spectra: molecular clocks and the effect of DNA methylation. J. Mol. Biol. 344, 675-682.
Yamaguchi, J., Nagayama, S., Chino, A., Sakata, A., Yamamoto, N., Sato, Y., Ashihara, Y., Kita, M., Nomura, S. and Ishikawa, Y. 2014. Identification of coding exon 3 duplication in the BMPR1A gene in a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 44, 1004-1008.
Zhuo, C., Li, Q., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Nie, J., Li, D., Peng, J., Lian, P., Li, B. and Cai, G. 2015. LINE-1 hypomethylation in normal colon mucosa is associated with poor survival in Chinese patients with sporadic colon cancer. Oncotarget 6, 23820.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.