Steam explosion was applied to extract phenolic compounds from oak wood (Quercus mongolica). The effects of three independent factors (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time) on the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity from t...
Steam explosion was applied to extract phenolic compounds from oak wood (Quercus mongolica). The effects of three independent factors (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time) on the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity from the steam exploded oak wood were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were coded at three levels and their actual values were selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. The following optimal extraction conditions were selected: ethanol concentration 82.0%, extraction temperature $71.7^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 60.5 min for total phenolic content; ethanol concentration 78.3%, extraction temperature $70.3^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 57.6 min for DPPH radical scavenging activity; ethanol concentration 80.6%, extraction temperature $68.4^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 59.0 min for antimicrobial activity. The experimental values agreed with those were predicted within confidence intervals indicating the suitability of RSM in optimizing the ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from the steam exploded oak wood. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value of the total phenolic content was 111.8 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 65.7%, and antimicrobial activity was 17.0 mm, and those are reasonably close to the predicted values (109.2 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, 62.3% and 15.9 mm, respectively).
Steam explosion was applied to extract phenolic compounds from oak wood (Quercus mongolica). The effects of three independent factors (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time) on the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity from the steam exploded oak wood were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables were coded at three levels and their actual values were selected on the basis of preliminary experimental results. The following optimal extraction conditions were selected: ethanol concentration 82.0%, extraction temperature $71.7^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 60.5 min for total phenolic content; ethanol concentration 78.3%, extraction temperature $70.3^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 57.6 min for DPPH radical scavenging activity; ethanol concentration 80.6%, extraction temperature $68.4^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 59.0 min for antimicrobial activity. The experimental values agreed with those were predicted within confidence intervals indicating the suitability of RSM in optimizing the ethanol extraction of phenolic compounds from the steam exploded oak wood. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value of the total phenolic content was 111.8 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 65.7%, and antimicrobial activity was 17.0 mm, and those are reasonably close to the predicted values (109.2 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, 62.3% and 15.9 mm, respectively).
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문제 정의
We investigated phenolic compounds of steam exploded treated Quercus mongolica, as well as their antioxidant activity using steam explosion condition. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of ethanol extraction conditions on the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of steam exploded oak wood using an experimental design and the response surface methodology. The parameters to be optimized were temperature and time, both related with the minimization of the energy cost of the process and solvent concentration.
제안 방법
In the preliminary study, the effects of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time on the extraction of total phenolic content were investigated to determine the appropriate experimental ranges for RSM design. To investigate the effect of ethanol concentration on the extraction of total phenolic content, a range from 30 to 90% of ethanol concentration was used for the investigation.
In the preliminary study, the effects of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time on the extraction of total phenolic content were investigated to determine the appropriate experimental ranges for RSM design. To investigate the effect of ethanol concentration on the extraction of total phenolic content, a range from 30 to 90% of ethanol concentration was used for the investigation.
The experimental data for total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity were fitted to a response surface quadratic model, and the acquired equation was tested for adequacy of fit to the data. The regression coefficients and the response surface were used to study the impacts of variables on the extraction of total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity.
The experimental data for total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity were fitted to a response surface quadratic model, and the acquired equation was tested for adequacy of fit to the data. The regression coefficients and the response surface were used to study the impacts of variables on the extraction of total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity. Regression coefficients of the predicted second order polynomial models total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are shown in Table 4.
대상 데이터
Oak wood (Quercus mongolica) was supplied by a Korea Forest Research Institute. The dimensions of the oak wood chips were smaller than 30 × 50 × 30 mm, while dusts (particles <1 mm) were removed before steam explosion.
At the end of incubation, inhibition zones formed around the disc were measured with transparent ruler in millimeter. These studies were performed in triplicate.
데이터처리
Duncan’s multiple comparison range test was used to determine significant differences between the means.
Obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance to determine the growing medium effects. Statistical analysis had been carried out with SAS statistical software and according to analyzing from ANOVA test and comparing data mean to Duncan test. Duncan’s multiple comparison range test was used to determine significant differences between the means.
9 mm) from steam exploded oak wood. The predicted results matched well with experimental results obtained using optimum extraction conditions which validated the response surface methodology model with a good correlation. As a result, the model from Box-Behnken design was considered to be accurate and reliable for predicting the total phenolic compound content and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of steam exploded oak wood for ethanol extraction.
For the model fitted, software generates model coefficients, p-values and significant probabilities and hence one can justify the significance of each experimental variable. The maximum predictable response for total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity obtained based on a total of 17 experiments required for determining 10 regression coefficients of the model. In general, proceeding with exploration and optimization of a fitted response surface may produce poor or misleading results unless the model exhibits an adequate fit (Myers and Montgomery, 2002).
이론/모형
The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method according to the reported procedure (Li et al., 2008). Briefly, a extracts (1 mℓ) with proper dilution were mixed with 1 mℓ of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (10 times dilution) and allowed to react for 3 min at 30℃ in the dark.
where Y is the predicted response (total sugar, reducing sugar and antimicrobial activity); β0, βi, βii and βij are the regression coefficients for intercept, linear, quadratic and interaction terms, respectively; Xi and Xj are the independent variables (i ≠ j). Measurements were performed in duplicate and a Statistical Analysis System was used to fit the second-order polynomial equation to the experimental data.
성능/효과
0 min. Under these conditions, the predicted value of total phenolic content (109.2 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood), DPPH radical scavenging activity (62.3%) and antimicrobial activity (15.9 mm) was close to the observed values (111.8 mg GAE/g dry steam exploded oak wood, 65.7% and 17.0 mm respectively).
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