Macrofungi are visible to the naked eye and play important ecological roles in nutrient cycles as decomposers and symbionts in forest ecosystems. Collectively, macrofungi have great potential as valuable resources for food, cosmetics, and medicinal uses. We surveyed the Royal Tombs (Donggureung and ...
Macrofungi are visible to the naked eye and play important ecological roles in nutrient cycles as decomposers and symbionts in forest ecosystems. Collectively, macrofungi have great potential as valuable resources for food, cosmetics, and medicinal uses. We surveyed the Royal Tombs (Donggureung and Seooreung) of the Joseon Dynasty and Jongmyo Shrine, where the surrounding vegetation is well-preserved, to investigate indigenous macrofungi. During surveys in 2015-2016, we discovered six macrofungi that were previously not recorded to Korea. They were identified to the species level using morphological features and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region: Cruentomycena kedrovaya, Dacrymyces aureosporus, Laetiporus versisporus, Parasola setulosa, Piptoporellus soloniensis, and Pluteus longistriatus. The detailed morphological descriptions and molecular analysis are provided in this study.
Macrofungi are visible to the naked eye and play important ecological roles in nutrient cycles as decomposers and symbionts in forest ecosystems. Collectively, macrofungi have great potential as valuable resources for food, cosmetics, and medicinal uses. We surveyed the Royal Tombs (Donggureung and Seooreung) of the Joseon Dynasty and Jongmyo Shrine, where the surrounding vegetation is well-preserved, to investigate indigenous macrofungi. During surveys in 2015-2016, we discovered six macrofungi that were previously not recorded to Korea. They were identified to the species level using morphological features and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region: Cruentomycena kedrovaya, Dacrymyces aureosporus, Laetiporus versisporus, Parasola setulosa, Piptoporellus soloniensis, and Pluteus longistriatus. The detailed morphological descriptions and molecular analysis are provided in this study.
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가설 설정
Remarks: Dacrymyces aureosporus is characterized by turbinate to convoluted basidiocarps, and 7-septate basidiospores. This species is similar to D.
3, globose to broadly ellipsoidal. Remarks: Laetiporus versisporus used to be misidentified to L. sulphureus in Korea for a long time because of similar morphology. In the Indexfungorum (http://www.
Remarks: Piptoporellus soloniensis was misidentified to Laetiporus sulphureus in Korea. However, they can be distinguished by type of attachment to the substratum and basidiospore shape.
제안 방법
, 1990; Gardes and Bruns, 1993). DNA sequencing was performed at the DNA Synthesis and Sequencing Facility, Macrogen (Seoul, Korea), using an automated DNA sequencer (ABI PRISM 3730XL Analyzer; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). For molecular identification, each sequence was compared with reference sequences in GenBank by using BLAST.
대상 데이터
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis was also performed in MEGA5 using the Kimura 2-parameter model of evolution for tree inference with 1,000 bootstrap replicates (Kimura, 1980). All the sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accession Nos. MF445220- MF440226, MF445228).
Macrofungi were collected during the period from 2015 to 2016 in a region of two Royal Tombs (Donggureung and Seooreung) and Jongmyo Shrine. Dried specimens were deposited in the Seoul National University Fungus Collection (SFC). The specimens were initially identified on the basis of their macro- and microscopic features according to the published descriptions (Largent and Thiers, 1977; Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1984-2000; Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1986; Hongo and Izawa, 1994; Lee et al.
, 2016). In this study, we surveyed macrofungi in the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty and Jongmyo Shrine, designated as World Heritage sites by UNESCO (http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/kr), and discovered six previously unrecorded species in Korea. We provide morphological characteristics in detail and phylogenetic relationship with closely related species.
이론/모형
Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB extraction protocol (Rogers and Bendich, 1994). PCR amplification of the ITS region were performed as previously described by Park et al.
Sequences were edited and aligned using MAFFT v7 (Katoh and Standley, 2013). Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis was also performed in MEGA5 using the Kimura 2-parameter model of evolution for tree inference with 1,000 bootstrap replicates (Kimura, 1980). All the sequences have been deposited in GenBank (accession Nos.
성능/효과
Specimens of agaricoid fungi were initially identified as Cruentomycena, Parasola, and Pluteus based on their basidiocarp shapes. Cruentomycena specimen (SFC20150811-45) formed a monophyletic group with Cruentomycena kedrovaya with 99% bootstrap support. This specimen showed sequence similarity of 99.
In conclusion, six unrecorded macrofungi were discovered from World Heritage sites in Korea: the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (Donggureung and Seooreung) and Jongmyo Shrine. These areas are also known as biodiversity hotspots of Korea.
The Pluteus specimen (SFC20160512-14) clustered as a monophyletic group with reference sequences of Pluteus longistriatus with 100% bootstrap support. This specimen showed sequence similarity of 98.
Laetiporus specimen (SFC20150723-24) formed a monophyletic group with Laetiporus versisporus with 100% bootstrap support. These specimens showed sequence similarity of 100% to L. versisporus (AB308141, AB308142). Laetiporus(Basidiomycota, Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae) is a genus of polyporoid fungi with 16 species(Index Fungorum; http://www.
This specimen clustered as a monophyletic group with Dacrymyces aureosporus with 100% bootstrap support. These specimens showed sequence similarity of 98.5% to D. aureosporus (AB712449) and 93.1% to D. subalpinus (AB712465) as sister group. Dacrymyces(Basidiomycota, Dacrymycetales, Dacrymycetaceae) is a genus of jelly fungi with about 70 species (Index Fungorum; http:// www.
Three specimens (SFC20150811-40, SFC20160609-02, and SFC20160812-18) formed a monophyletic group with Piptoporellus soloniensis with 100% bootstrap support. These specimens showed sequence similarity of 98.9-99.8% to P. soloniensis (KR605802, KR605805) and 77.2-79.3% to P. hainanensis (KR605806) and P. triqueter(KR605807) as sister group. Piptoporellus(Basidiomycota, Polyporales, Fomitopsidaceae) is a genus of polyporoid fungi with only three species (Index Fungorum; http://www.
Jelly fungi (SFC20150618-05) were identified morphologically as a species of Dacrymyces. This specimen clustered as a monophyletic group with Dacrymyces aureosporus with 100% bootstrap support. These specimens showed sequence similarity of 98.
The Pluteus specimen (SFC20160512-14) clustered as a monophyletic group with reference sequences of Pluteus longistriatus with 100% bootstrap support. This specimen showed sequence similarity of 98.0-99.8% to P. longistriatus (HM562082, KM052568). Pluteus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Plutaceae) is a genus of agaricoid fungi with over 500 species(Index Fungorum; http://www.
The Parasola specimen (SFC20150812-15) formed a monophyletic group with Parasola setulosa with 100% bootstrap support. This specimen showed sequence similarity of 99.1-99.9% to P. setulosa (HQ847030, KR869775) and 96.0% to P. auricoma (FM163185) as sister group. Parasola (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) is a genus of agaricoid fungi with 24 species (Index Fungorum; http://www.
Cruentomycena specimen (SFC20150811-45) formed a monophyletic group with Cruentomycena kedrovaya with 99% bootstrap support. This specimen showed sequence similarity of 99.3-99.7% to C. kedrovaya (EU517512, EU517514) and 98.7% to C. vicidocruenta (EU517515, EU517517) as a sister group. Cruentomycena (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Mycenaceae) is a genus of agaricoid fungi with only three species (Index Fungorum; http://www.
Three specimens (SFC20150811-40, SFC20160609-02, and SFC20160812-18) formed a monophyletic group with Piptoporellus soloniensis with 100% bootstrap support. These specimens showed sequence similarity of 98.
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