[논문]침투도랑 유지관리를 통한 도시 강우유출수 처리 성능 평가

나쉬 제트 레예스; 프란츠 케빈 헤로니모; 최혜선; 김이형

doi:10.17663/jwr.2018.20.4.424

침투도랑 유지관리를 통한 도시 강우유출수 처리 성능 평가
Performance assessment of an urban stormwater infiltration trench considering facility maintenance 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.20 no.4, 2018년, pp.424 - 431

나쉬 제트 레예스 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , 프란츠 케빈 헤로니모 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , 최혜선 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과) , 김이형 (공주대학교 건설환경공학과)

초록
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강우유출수 내 포함된 입자상 물질, 유기물, 영양물질, 중금속 등의 오염물질은 수계에 악영향을 미친다. 이러한 강우유출수 내 포함된 오염물질 감소와 처리를 위해 최적관리기법(BMP)을 도입하고 있으며, 비용효율적인 방법으로 평가되고 있다. 하지만, 잘못된 설계와 유지관리 부족은 시설의 성능을 저하시켜 원활한 기능을 수행하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 지속적인 유지관리가 진행된 침투도랑(IT)의 시설에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 2009년부터 2016년까지 총 41회의 모니터링을 수행하였으며 침투도랑(IT)의 오염물질 저감효율 평가를 수행하였다. 수질 및 수문학적 분석결과, 시설에 유입되는 유입수는 단위 오염 부하량에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 또한, 계절의 변화는 오염물질 저감능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 여름철 강수량 및 강우강도의 증가로 인해 Overflow 및 유량의 증가가 발생되었으며, 이로 인해 저감효율이 감소하였다. 또한, 겨울철 낮은 온도로 인해 여재 및 화학적 메카니즘의 효과 감소로 오염물질 저감 효율이 감소되는 것으로 분석되었다. 침투도랑(IT)의 유지관리는 시설의 효율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다. 시설 설치 이후 2년 동안 유지관리 부족으로 오염물질 저감효율이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 일부 모니터링에서 지오텍스타일 내 제거 되지 않은 퇴적물로 인해 오염물질 저감효율의 감소를 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 시설의 유지관리는 오염물질 저감효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, BMP 시설의 최적 유지관리 기간 및 방법 등은 향후 유용한 자료로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Stormwater runoff containing considerable amounts of pollutants such as particulates, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals contaminate natural bodies of water. At present, best management practices (BMP) intended to reduce the volume and treat pollutants from stormwater runoff were devised to serve as cost-effective measures of stormwater management. However, improper design and lack of proper maintenance can lead to degradation of the facility, making it unable to perform its intended function. This study evaluated an infiltration trench (IT) that went through a series of maintenance operations. 41 monitored rainfall events from 2009 to 2016 were used to evaluate the pollutant removal capabilities of the IT. Assessment of the water quality and hydrological data revealed that the inflow volume was the most relative factor affecting the unit pollutant loads (UPL) entering the facility. Seasonal variations also affected the pollutant removal capabilities of the IT. During the summer season, the increased rainfall depths and runoff volumes diminished the pollutant removal efficiency (RE) of the facility due to increased volumes that washed off larger pollutant loads and caused the IT to overflow. Moreover, the system also exhibited reduced pollutant RE for the winter season due to frozen media layers and chemical-related mechanisms impacted by the low winter temperature. Maintenance operations also posed considerable effects of the performance of the IT. During the first two years of operation, the IT exhibited a decrease in pollutant RE due to aging and lack of proper maintenance. However, some events also showed reduced pollutant RE succeeding the maintenance as a result of disturbed sediments that were not removed from the geotextile. Ultimately, the presented effects of maintenance operations in relation to the pollutant RE of the system may lead to the optimization of maintenance schedules and procedures for BMP of same structure.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the IT located at Kongju National University
표 Table 1. Properties of the infiltration trench and its catchment area
표 Table 2. Summary of monitored rainfall events
그림 Fig. 2. Inflow and outflow pollutant event mean concentrations
그림 Fig. 3. Seasonal inflow and outflow unit pollutant loads
그림 Fig. 4. Pollutant removal performance of the IT prior and succeeding maintenance operations

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문제 정의

Event-based pollutant loading in the catchment area and seasonal variations in the pollutant removal performance of the IT were also evaluated to determine possible patterns in the treatment mechanisms of the IT. Moreover, the efficiency of the IT before and after maintenance operations was considered in this study.
Disruption of the filter media and residual sediments were seen to be the main cause of lower RE. This inquiry is essential in establishing factors that affect the pollutant removal performance of an IT. The findings about the seasonal performance of the IT can be advantageous in the design and construction of facilities experiencing similar rainfall and climatic patterns.
, 2015). To address the challenges concerning the utilization of IT in urban stormwater treatment, this study identified the factors affecting the long-term performance of an IT which has undergone a series of maintenance operations. Event-based pollutant loading in the catchment area and seasonal variations in the pollutant removal performance of the IT were also evaluated to determine possible patterns in the treatment mechanisms of the IT.

제안 방법

To address the challenges concerning the utilization of IT in urban stormwater treatment, this study identified the factors affecting the long-term performance of an IT which has undergone a series of maintenance operations. Event-based pollutant loading in the catchment area and seasonal variations in the pollutant removal performance of the IT were also evaluated to determine possible patterns in the treatment mechanisms of the IT. Moreover, the efficiency of the IT before and after maintenance operations was considered in this study.
The stormwater IT located at the Kongju National University (KNU), Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, South Korea was illustrated in Figure 1. The facility can be separated into three zones, namely: pre-treatment zone, media zone, and effluent zone. The pre-treatment zone basically served as a sedimentation tank.

대상 데이터

Analyzed water quality parameters include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. The presence of total heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), were also tested in the water samples. A total of five maintenance operations were conducted from 2011 to 2015.

데이터처리

Moreover, statistical analyses, such as determining Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and probability value (p-value), and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), were conducted using Systat 12 (© SYSTAT Software, Inc., 2007) and OriginPro 8 to assess the stormwater runoff characteristics and the contributory factors that may affect the pollutant removal performance of the IT.

성능/효과

Figure 4 exhibited the pollutant RE of the system before and after a series of maintenance operations. For the first two years of operation without maintenance, the IT exhibited a 13% to 37% decline in pollutant removal performance. It was evident that the aging of the facility without maintenance resulted to a decline in its filtration mechanism.
Figure 3 provides a graphical summary of the IT’s removal efficiency as influenced by seasonal changes. It can be noted that the lowest pollutant RE of the system for COD (78%), TN (60%), and Zn (66%) was recorded during the winter season. Moreover, the lowest RE for TSS, TP, Cr, Cu, and Pb were identified on summer, corresponding to 82%, 66%, 52%, 70%, and 63%, respectively.
It can be noted that the lowest pollutant RE of the system for COD (78%), TN (60%), and Zn (66%) was recorded during the winter season. Moreover, the lowest RE for TSS, TP, Cr, Cu, and Pb were identified on summer, corresponding to 82%, 66%, 52%, 70%, and 63%, respectively. Lower facility performance during winter was attributed to the increased accumulation of pollutants on snow packs and frozen media layers.
, 2014 monitored a low-traffic density residential catchment with a total imperviousness rate of 19%. Results showed that the heavy metal EMC of the residential catchment were 61% to 99% lower as compared to the influent heavy metal EMC observed at KNU. Since the residential catchment area provides greater infiltration potential and lower vehicular emissions, runoff volume and pollutant concentrations were thereby reduced.

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