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해양생물로부터 기능성 펩티드의 생산 및 응용
Production and biological applications for marine proteins and peptides- An overview 원문보기

식품과학과 산업 = Food science and industry, v.51 no.4, 2018년, pp.278 - 301  

김세권 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술대학) ,  변희국 (강릉원주대학교 해양생물공학과)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

최근 들어 먹거리와 건강에 대한 사람들의 관심이 점점 높아지면서 이에 관한 정보 또한 중요시 되고 있다. 우리나라 전체 사회가 고령화 사회로 접어들면서 환경의 악화로부터 오는 질병과 생활 습관병의 증가를 자기 자신의 문제로 받아들이는 사람들이 늘고 있기 때문이다. 의료 분야는 치료 중심에서 예방 의학으로 관심이 높아지고 있지만 예방약이라고 할 수 있는 약품은 매우 적다. 암, 동맥경화, 당뇨병 같은 성인병을 예방하려면 약에 의한 예방이 아닌 먹거리에 의한 예방을 적극적으로 도입시킬 필요가 있다. 해양은 육상과는 다른 특이한 생태계를 이루는 환경 때문에 적자생존의 경쟁 속에서 살아남기 위하여 특히 물리적 방어 능력이 부족한 해양생물의 2차 대사산물은 육상생물의 그것과는 상이한 화학적 특성을 가진다. 이러한 다양한 2차 대사산물은 화학적 방어 수단의 일환으로 생성되는 것으로 알려져 있는데 이들 물질이 인체나 다른 포유동물에 투여되면 강력한 생리활성을 발현하는 경우가 많다. 이러한 이유들 때문에 해양생물로부터 새로운 생리활성 선도물질을 개발하여 인류의 건강 보전에 이용하고자 하는 연구가 최근 각광받고 있다. 해조류, 어패류 및 수산가공부산물(폐기물)에서 기능성을 나타내는 단백질 가수분해물 및 펩티드의 제조 방법 및 항균, 항산화, 심장보호(항고혈압, 항동맥경화 및 항응고), 면역조절, 항당뇨, 식욕억제 및 신경보호 활성과 같은 여러가지 생리 기능성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 무엇보다도 해양단백질 가수분해물 및 펩티드가 다양한 생리활성을 갖고 있어 건강식품 및 식의약 산업에서 응용이 가능하고 원료인 해조류 및 수산가공부산물이 대부분 미이용자원이므로 관련기업에서의 상품화 개발이 이루어질 것으로 기대된다. 최근에 소비자나 환자들도 의약품에 대한 바람직하지 않은 부작용을 의식하고 있고 화학적으로 합성된 의약품을 기피하는 경향이 있고 자연식품이나 천연 생리기능성 물질에 대한 욕구로 자가치료에 대한 사고방식이 높아지고 있어 의약품 보다는 효능이 다소 낮을지라도 어떤 질병의 예방이나 치료를 위해 특수한 생리기능성 물질의 섭취는 더욱 더 인기를 끌게 될 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 단백질 가수분해물이나 펩티드가 신체에서 나타내는 상태와 생리기능성 효과 사이에 상호관계를 충분히 밝혀져야 하며 이들을 이용한 제품의 보다 확실한 생리기능성의 작용 메커니즘과 임상에서의 효능의 확인이 이루어져야 하며 마켓팅을 위해서는 무엇보다도 공인기관인 식약처 또는 FDA에 인증을 받아야 할 것이다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Although more than 80% of living organisms are found in marine ecosystems, only less than 10% of marine resources have been utilized for human food consumptions and other usages. It is well known that marine resources (fish, shellfish and algae) have exceptional nutritional properties; however, thei...

주제어

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
펩티드란 무엇인가? 펩티드는 구성성분인 아미노산이 수개 또는 수십개가 연결된 물질로서 아미노산이나 단백질과는 성질이 전혀 달라 생체 내에서의 역할이나 산업적인 이용 면에서 의의가 매우 큰 물질이다. 해양생물 몸 속에 특유하게 존재하는 생리기능성 펩티드가 발견되기도 하지만 해양생물의 단백질을 인위적으로 가수분해시켜 얻어지는 새로운 기능성 펩티드들을 대량으로 만들 수 있다.
펩티드의 이용 분야는? 기능성 펩티드에 대하여 엄밀한 정의는 존재하지 않지만 일반적으로 보건적 기능성을 갖고 있는 펩티드를 의미하며 주로 기능성 식품에 이용된다. 그러나 펩티드에는 우수한 기호성이나 물성을 나타내는 것도 많아 기능성 식품, 화장품, 애완 동물용 사료 등에 다양하게 이용되고 있다(Arihara 등, 2012).
3단계 막효소반응기 장치의 장점은? 이와 같이 부가가치가 낮은 단백질의 이용을 극대화 하기 위해서 3단계 막 반응기 장치를 이용하면 분자량 별로 기능성이 서로 다른 펩티드를 연속적으로 생산하는 것이 가능하기 때문에 앞으로 산업화 공정에 응용할 경우 제조경비의 절감, 제조시간의 단축, 노동력 절감, 장치 설치 면적의 감소 및 자동 제어가 가능하다는 점 등 여러 가지 장점이 있어 관련 기업에서 활용될 것으로 기대된다(Fig.1) (Jeon 과 Kim, 2000).
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