[논문]고밀도 주거지역에서의 복사플럭스 영향 연구 - 서울시 중랑구 지역을 대상으로 -

이채연; 권혁기; 프레드릭 린드버그

doi:10.11108/kagis.2018.21.4.026

고밀도 주거지역에서의 복사플럭스 영향 연구 - 서울시 중랑구 지역을 대상으로 -
Radiation Flux Impact in High Density Residential Areas - A Case Study from Jungnang area, Seoul - 원문보기

한국지리정보학회지 = Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies, v.21 no.4, 2018년, pp.26 - 49

이채연 (한국외국어대학교 대기환경연구센터) , 권혁기 (한국외국어대학교 대기환경연구센터) , 프레드릭 린드버그 (괴텐버그대학교 지구과학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 도시지역을 대상으로 태양복사모델링을 수행하고 검증하여, 도시 내 열스트레스 완화에 대한 적용 가능성을 논의하였다. 이를 위해 연구지역은 항공 LiDAR 자료를 기반으로 실제 건물과 식생의 형태와 높이가 구현되었고, 보행자높이에서의 단파 및 장파복사 플럭스가 모의될 수 있도록 해상도를 향상시켰다. 고층 및 저층 건물이 고밀도로 존재하는 주거지역 $4km^2$에서 SOLWEIG 모델을 이용하여 복사플럭스를 모의하고, 지표에너지수지시스템의 Net radiometer를 이용한 복사플럭스 관측자료로 검증하였다. 그 결과 여름철 맑은 날 가장 높은 정확도를 나타냈고, 같은 날에 대한 평균복사온도를 모의한 결과, 그림자영향이 적은 저층 건물지역과 도로표면에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 고층 건물지역과 식생지역에서는 그림자의 영향으로 상대적으로 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 보행자높이에서 도시 내 열스트레스 지역 관리를 위한 높은 신뢰도를 보여주었다. 더욱 확장되고 있는 도시재생 및 재개발에 있어서, 새로운 주거환경을 도입하기 위해 도시 기반시설을 계획할 때 자연 및 인공 도시환경 설정과 관련된 많은 기능이 적용될 수 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability of the solar radiation model and discuss its applicability to the urban area of Seoul for summer heat stress mitigation. We extended the study area closer to the city scale and enhanced the spatial resolution sufficiently to determine pedestrian-level urban radiance. The domain was a $4km^2$ residential area with high-rise building sites. Radiance modelling (SOLWEIG) was performed with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-based detailed geomorphological land cover shape. The radiance model was evaluated using surface energy balance (SEB) observations. The model showed the highest accuracy on a clear day in summer. When the mean radiation temperature (MRT) was simulated, the highest value was for a low-rise building area and road surface with a low shadow effect. On the other hand, for high-rise buildings and vegetated areas, the effect of shadows was large and showed a relatively low value of mean radiation temperature. The method proposed in this study exhibits high reliability for the management of heat stress in urban areas at pedestrian height. It is applicable for many urban micro-climate management functions related to natural and artificial urban settings; for example, when a new urban infrastructure is planned.

주제어

표/그림 (17)

그림 FIGURE 1. Urban settings (land cover) and observed urban heat islands (UHI) in Seoul
그림 FIGURE 2. Flowchart showing the procedure followed in this study.
그림 FIGURE 3. Surface energy balance (SEB) system in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and surrounding environment. (a) White is the reference area, orange is the high-rise residential area, yellow is the low-rise residential area, red is the commercial area, and blue is water. The white star denotes the weather station. (b) Close-up of land cover in a high-rise residential area (4 km²) and observation equipment installation point (denoted by the yellow star). (c) Image of the surface energy balance (SEB) monitoring system tower.
그림 FIGURE 4. Surface input data (2 m grid) for SOLWEIG.
표 TABLE 1. Input parameters for SOLWEIG simulation.
그림 FIGURE 5. Weather data for the four case studies (black circles are temperature (℃), white circles are relative humidity (%), and shading is solar radiation (Wm^-2).
표 TABLE 2. Cloud and solar radiation conditions corresponding to case study days using Seoul weather station data.
그림 FIGURE 6. Sky view factor (SVF) for (a) buildings, (b) buildings and vegetation, and (c) vegetation in the Jungnang area.
$FIGURE 7. (a) Detailed shadow trends at one-hour intervals for June, 06, 2014 for the Jungnang area. (b) Daily average shadow distribution on the ground excluding buildings (left) and plot of shadow fraction (%) at ground level for each time step (right).$ 그림 FIGURE 7. (a) Detailed shadow trends at one-hour intervals for June, 06, 2014 for the Jungnang area. (b) Daily average shadow distribution on the ground excluding buildings (left) and plot of shadow fraction (%) at ground level for each time step (right).
그림 FIGURE 8. Comparison of shortwave radiation (K fluxes) and longwave radiation (L fluxes) on clear and cloudy days in winter.
그림 FIGURE 9. Comparison of shortwave radiation (K fluxes) and longwave radiation (L fluxes) on clear and cloudy days in summer.
그림 FIGURE 10. Observed and simulated radiation flux for four case studies. Orange and grey boxes indicate summer and winter, respectively. Sky blue bars show the model values and grey bars show the observation values. The x-axis is time (LST) and the y-axis is the radiation flux.
그림 FIGURE 11. Correlation of measured radiant flux values with those simulated by the SOLWEIG model.
그림 FIGURE 12. (a) Land cover data in the Jungnang area and (b) four urban settings classified by building type: 'a' open high-rise, 'b' compact low-rise, 'c' road, and 'd' vegetated area.
그림 FIGURE 13. T^mrt at points of interest (red dots) in the four local urban building settings. T^mrt values are calculated at the pedestrian level according to time (6, June 2014).
그림 FIGURE 14. Satellite images of four urban settings showing the ground and buildings (G&B) sky view factor (SVF), vegetation (V) SVF, building and vegetation (B&V) SVF, and T^mrt (mean radiant temperature).
그림 FIGURE 15. Comparison of satellite image surface temperatures from Landsat 8 and SOLWEIG simulation results.

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

The purpose of this study was to expand the research area close to the urban scale and to improve radiation modelling research by ensuring sufficient spatial resolution to investigate urban radiation at the pedestrian level. Net radiometer observations were used to evaluate the accuracy of the daily solar radiation model for weather cases and to improve the reliability of the mean radiant temperature results.

제안 방법

A case study for evaluating radiant fluxes covered four days: clear/sunny and cloudy days in summer and winter. To determine appropriate clear/sunny and cloudy days using the cloud data at Seoul weather station (SWS) for 2014, we compared the air temperature data from SWS with air temperature data from the SEB system in the Jungnang area (Fig.
The decrease in solar radiation due to the shadow effect during the day also affects the T_mrt. A detailed shadow pattern analysis every 30 minutes can be used to analyse the difference in daylight hours at each grid point and the influence of surrounding structures.
For the four case study days (cloudy and clear days in summer and winter) meteorological data were input to simulate the radiation flux. The radiation flux was divided into shortwave (K fluxes) and longwave (L fluxes), and into six directions: upward, downward, east, west, south, and north.
1) meets vegetation and depended on vegetation height. In the SOLWEIG model, we calculated SVF in the north, south, east, and west directions, and the average SVF using topography, building height, and vegetation height data. In addition, we analysed the shadow trends at 30 min intervals from sunrise to sunset using the latitude and longitude coordinates of the domain area and date (Fig.
For the four case study days (cloudy and clear days in summer and winter) meteorological data were input to simulate the radiation flux. The radiation flux was divided into shortwave (K fluxes) and longwave (L fluxes), and into six directions: upward, downward, east, west, south, and north. The K fluxes represented the amount of shortwave radiation emitted from the sun, expressed in watts per unit area.

대상 데이터

, 2017). In this study, we used net radiometer data from the SEB system in the Jungnang area, a representative compact low-rise residential area of Seoul. As of 4 December 2013, the building height was 14 m and the observation tower height was 18.
15). The original Landsat satellite was launched by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on 23 July 1972, and Landsat 8 was launched on 13 February 2013. The surface temperature is calculated using the TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) channel 10 or 11, resulting in a temperature distribution.

이론/모형

84 Wm^-2 for K_down, K_up, L_down, and L_up, respectively. In summary, the model fairly accurately simulates the changes and values of radiant fluxes in residential areas and indicates the feasibility of obtaining a detailed thermal vulnerability assessment using the SOLWEIG model.
Such modelling based information is reliable, easy to deliver, and provides scientifically or visually informative results. The SVF, shadow pattern, radiant fluxes, and T_mrt were analysed in the context of building type and vegetation using a high resolution (2 m) SOLWEIG model. Simulated radiant flux results were compared using net radiometer observations in compact low-rise residential areas; a slight difference was observed between model and observation results in winter.

참고문헌 (24)

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상세보기
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상세보기
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