겨울철 산란하는 대구, 꼼치, 노래미 전기 자어의 발달 비교 Comparative Early Developments in Winter Spawned Three Pre-larval Fishes(Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus)원문보기
겨울철 환경에 대한 초기 적응을 조사하기 위해 대구(Gadus macrocephalus), 꼼치(Liparis tanakae), 노래미(Hexagrammos agrammus) 자어의 부화 직후와 첫 섭식 시 외부형태, 소화기관, 유영능력의 발달을 확인하였으며, 다른 계절에 부화하는 어종과 비교하였다. 평균 전장(${\pm}SD$)은 대구$4.35{\pm}0.11mm$, 꼼치 $5.26{\pm}0.08mm$, 노래미 $7.48{\pm}0.35mm$로 부화 시 다른 계절 부화자어에 비하여 컸으며, 세 어종 모두 초기소화기관을 갖춘 후 부화하여 다른 계절 부화자어에 비해 초기소화기관 확립시기가 빨랐다. 대구, 꼼치, 노래미의 첫 섭식 시기가 부화 후 3일, 2일, 0일이었고, 난황을 갖고 있는 기간이 5일 이상으로 다른 계절에 부화하는 자어에 비해 혼합섭이기간이 비교적 길었다. 이 3종 자어의 유영능력은 다른 계절 부화자어에 비해 순항유영속도와 돌진유영속도 모두 부화 직후부터 빨랐다. 이러한 특징들은 자어가 생존하기 어려운 겨울철 환경에 대한 자연선택 및 환경적응의 결과로 생각된다.
겨울철 환경에 대한 초기 적응을 조사하기 위해 대구(Gadus macrocephalus), 꼼치(Liparis tanakae), 노래미(Hexagrammos agrammus) 자어의 부화 직후와 첫 섭식 시 외부형태, 소화기관, 유영능력의 발달을 확인하였으며, 다른 계절에 부화하는 어종과 비교하였다. 평균 전장(${\pm}SD$)은 대구 $4.35{\pm}0.11mm$, 꼼치 $5.26{\pm}0.08mm$, 노래미 $7.48{\pm}0.35mm$로 부화 시 다른 계절 부화자어에 비하여 컸으며, 세 어종 모두 초기소화기관을 갖춘 후 부화하여 다른 계절 부화자어에 비해 초기소화기관 확립시기가 빨랐다. 대구, 꼼치, 노래미의 첫 섭식 시기가 부화 후 3일, 2일, 0일이었고, 난황을 갖고 있는 기간이 5일 이상으로 다른 계절에 부화하는 자어에 비해 혼합섭이기간이 비교적 길었다. 이 3종 자어의 유영능력은 다른 계절 부화자어에 비해 순항유영속도와 돌진유영속도 모두 부화 직후부터 빨랐다. 이러한 특징들은 자어가 생존하기 어려운 겨울철 환경에 대한 자연선택 및 환경적응의 결과로 생각된다.
This study investigated how the larvae of three winter-spawning fishes are adapted in a cold water environment by examining the morphology, digestive system, and swimming ability of larvae from three winter-spawning species (Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus). Data were coll...
This study investigated how the larvae of three winter-spawning fishes are adapted in a cold water environment by examining the morphology, digestive system, and swimming ability of larvae from three winter-spawning species (Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus). Data were collected at hatching and first feeding. The results were compared with repored data on several non-winter-spawning species. Mean total lengths at hatching (${\pm}SD$) were $4.35{\pm}0.11mm$, $5.26{\pm}0.08mm$, and $7.48{\pm}0.35mm$ for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively. Three winter-spawning fishes had well-developed digestive tracts after hatching than those of non-winter-spawning fish larvae. Yolks were intact until 5 days post-hatching in all three species, indicating that they had longer mixed-feeding periods compared with fishes spawned during other seasons. G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus larvae had superior cruise and burst speeds (measures of swimming ability) than non-winter-spawning larvae. We conclude that the unique characteristics of these three winter-spawning species are naturally selected adaptations under lower water temperature in winter.
This study investigated how the larvae of three winter-spawning fishes are adapted in a cold water environment by examining the morphology, digestive system, and swimming ability of larvae from three winter-spawning species (Gadus macrocephalus, Liparis tanakae, Hexagrammos agrammus). Data were collected at hatching and first feeding. The results were compared with repored data on several non-winter-spawning species. Mean total lengths at hatching (${\pm}SD$) were $4.35{\pm}0.11mm$, $5.26{\pm}0.08mm$, and $7.48{\pm}0.35mm$ for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively. Three winter-spawning fishes had well-developed digestive tracts after hatching than those of non-winter-spawning fish larvae. Yolks were intact until 5 days post-hatching in all three species, indicating that they had longer mixed-feeding periods compared with fishes spawned during other seasons. G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus larvae had superior cruise and burst speeds (measures of swimming ability) than non-winter-spawning larvae. We conclude that the unique characteristics of these three winter-spawning species are naturally selected adaptations under lower water temperature in winter.
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제안 방법
First feeding occurred at 0, 2, and 3 days post-hatching for H. agrammus, L. tanakae, and G. macrocephalus, respectively. However, we note that our favorable laboratory conditions, with a constant food supply of rotifers, may not fully represent the actual marine environment.
Next, the sections were stained with Hansen’s hematoxylin and 0.5% eosin for histological observation using stereoscopic microscope.
대상 데이터
Experiments were performed in larvae-hatching tanks from Gyeongsangnam-do Fisheries Resources and Research Institute. Immediately after hatching, larvae were supplied 5-10 enriched rotifers/mL water; rotifer density was maintained through a twice-daily supply.
The beaker was then hit three times (in 10 s intervals) with a 20 g weight attached to a string, startling the larvae and triggering burst swimming for the remaining 30 s. Filming was done with a DSC-RX100 (frame frequency: 30 frames/s; Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
데이터처리
Among-species differences in cruising and burst speeds were compared using a one-way ANOVA. Significant means were separated using a post-hoc Fisher’s LSD test.
이론/모형
Significant means were separated using a post-hoc Fisher’s LSD test.
성능/효과
05). As a results, H. agrammus had the highest cruise and burst speeds at hatching, whereas L. tanakae had faster burst speed and lower cruise speed than G. macrocephalus (Table 2 and Fig. 3a).
Burst speeds were 9.15 SL/, 7.84 SL/s, and 7.55 SL/s for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, with the fastest larvae differing significantly (P<0.05) from the two other species (P0.05).
Therefore, both species seem to reach first feeding more quickly in the ocean than in captive condition. Comparative results showed that the three species tested here begin first feeding earlier than non-winter-spawning fishes: P. olivaceus feed at 5 days post-hatching (Dou et al., 2002), S. japonicus at 3 days(Park et al., 2015), and E. septemfasciatus at 4 days (Park et al., 2016). Earlier first feeding behavior will positively contribute to faster growth for larvae, and is thought to be advantageous for survival during winter.
In this study, we recorded mean total lengths at hatching of 4.35±0.10 mm, 5.26±0.09 mm, and 7.48±0.36 mm for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively.
Mean total lengths at first feeding were 4.91±0.16 mm, 5.38±0.10 mm, and 7.48±0.36 mm for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively (Table 1; Fig. 2).
Mean total lengths at hatching were 4.35±0.10 mm (± SD), 5.26±0.09 mm, and 7.48±0.36 mm for G. macrocephalus, L. tanakae, and H. agrammus, respectively (Table 1; Fig. 1).
agrammus, fan-shaped caudal fins. Mucosal-fold development was the most prominent in the convoluted mid-intestines of H. agrammus, followed by those of L. tanakae (also with convoluted intestines), while G. macrocephalus had linear intestines without mucosal folds (Fig. 1). Finally, only H.
Of the three fish species, H. agrammus had the longest continuous swimming duration and fastest speeds, owing to fully developed caudal fins at hatching. High swimming speeds improve larval post-hatching foraging success and elevate their chances of fleeing from predators.
The burst speed of G. macrocephalus was significantly lower than those of the other two species(P<0.05).
Before first feeding, the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and rectum become differentiated, fully establishing an early digestive system (Iwai, 1967). The three fish species analyzed not only hatched at larger sizes, but also had more advanced digestive systems than non-winter-spawning fishes immediately post-hatching. On the other hand, P.
macrocephalus. Thus, L. tanakae significantly increased its swimming duration after the first feeding, whereas G. macrocephalus larvae did not, continuing with stationary swimming even after the first feeding.
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