[논문]산림 대상 석회 시용의 연구 경향과 산림생태계에 미치는 영향

김주섭; 장한나; 노유진; 한승현; 손요환

doi:10.11626/kjeb.2018.36.1.050

산림 대상 석회 시용의 연구 경향과 산림생태계에 미치는 영향
Research Trends of Forest Liming and the Effects of Liming on Forest Ecosystems 원문보기

환경생물 = Korean journal of environmental biology, v.36 no.1, 2018년, pp.50 - 61

김주섭 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) , 장한나 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) , 노유진 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) , 한승현 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) , 손요환 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과)

초록
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본 연구는 산림생태계에서의 석회 시용 연구를 연대별, 국가별 그리고 주제별로 경향을 파악하고 석회 시용이 산림생태계의 각 요소 (토양, 식생, 수계 등)에 미치는 영향을 종합 분석하고자 하였다. 산림 대상 석회 시용은 연대별 산성강하물 유입량의 변화에 따라 시용 목적이 달라졌으며, 관련 연구는 산성화로 인한 대규모 산림 피해가 발생한 유럽과 북미 지역에서 주로 수행되었다. 대부분의 석회 시용 연구는 토양 반응을 중심으로 수행되었고, 토양 이외에 식생, 수계 등을 포함한 연구의 수는 비교적 적었다. 한편 산림 대상 석회 시용의 효과는 토양, 식생 및 수계 사이의 유기적인 상호작용을 통해 산림생태계 전체에 미치며 특히 화학적 성질변화가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 석회 시용 후 토양의 pH, BS, CEC 변화는 토양 층위와 경과 시간에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 그리고 식생의 반응은 지상부 및 지하부 생장과 식물체 내 양분 농도의 변화로 이어졌으며, 수종과 토양 조건에 따라 반응은 다르게 나타났다. 수계는 석회 시용 후 토양에서와 유사한 화학적 성질 변화를 보였으며, 이는 플랑크톤과 어류 등의 생물상 변화로 이어졌다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 석회 시용 관련 연구를 계획하는 단계에서 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The current study aimed to review the research trends on forest liming by age, country, and research topics, and seeks to summarize the effects of forest liming on soil, vegetation and water system in forest ecosystems. The recent goals of forest liming have been changed in response to changes in the acid deposition, and related studies have been mainly carried out in Europe and North America, where there is noted a massive forest decline, which was subsequently caused by acid rain. Most forest liming studies are noted to have focused on soil responses, however, the number of studies on the responses of vegetation and water system according to a literature review on the subject were relatively small. Meanwhile, forest liming influenced whole forest ecosystems through interaction between the soil, vegetation and water system as associated with the relevant regions. The changes in soil pH, base saturation, and cation exchange capacity by forest liming were noted as different depending on the soil layer and elapsed time after liming. The responses of vegetation to forest liming were shown in above- and below-ground plant growth and plant nutrient concentration, and also were noted to have varied depending on the available regional plant species and noted specific soil conditions. The chemical properties of the water system were changed similarly to those in the soil, leading to notable changes as seen in the planktons and available fish species in the region. Finally, these results could be used to plan further studies on forest liming, which would significantly benefit regional studies to promote the preservation of the species noted for protection in the region.

주제어

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

이에 본 연구에서는 산림 대상 석회 시용 연구 관련 기존 문헌을 분석하여 연대별, 국가별, 그리고 주제별 연구 경향을 파악하고, 석회 시용이 산림생태계의 각 요소(토양, 식생, 수계 등)에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 알아보고자 하였다.

제안 방법

산림 대상 석회 시용 관련 자료를 분석하기 위하여 Elsevier가 제공하는 학술논문 데이터베이스인 Scopus에서 “Liming”과 “Forest”를 키워드로 하여 729건의 논문을 수집하였고, 이 중에서 산성강하물의 완화와 연관이 있는 335건의 논문을 추출하여 분석하였다. 또한 지역별 산성강하물 유입량에 따른 석회 시용 연구의 경향을 알아보기 위해 Centre on Emission Inventories and Projection (CEIP)에서 제공하는 1980~2015년 사이의 국가별 산성강하물 유입량 자료를 이용하였다.

성능/효과

기존 연구 결과를 종합하면 산림 대상 석회 시용의 효과가 산림생태계의 요소 간 유기적인 상호작용에 따라 전달되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(Fig. 3). 석회 시용은 토양의 pH, BS, CEC를 증가시키는 등 화학적 성질에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고, 이는 토양에 서식하는 미생물 및 소동물의 바이오매스 증가 또는 종 구성의 변화로 나타난다.
또한 석회 시용은 토양 침출수 및 계류수를 통하여 천천히 지속적으로 수계에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 산림 대상 석회 시용은 수계에서도 토양과 유사한 화학적 성질 변화가 나타나며, 이에 따라 먹이사슬에 중요한 위치에 있는 플랑크톤과 어류의 바이오매스, 개체수 및 군집이 변화하게 된다.
3). 석회 시용은 토양의 pH, BS, CEC를 증가시키는 등 화학적 성질에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고, 이는 토양에 서식하는 미생물 및 소동물의 바이오매스 증가 또는 종 구성의 변화로 나타난다. 그리고 유기물 층의 분해를 촉진하는 등 산림생태계의 물질 순환 측면에 영향을 미친다.

후속연구

즉, 특정 지역에서의 산림 대상 석회 시용의 영향을 예측하는 데에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 향후 산림 대상 석회 시용 연구를 수행할 경우, 연구 대상지의 다양한 특성을 사전에 분석하고, 본 연구에서 제시한 결과를 활용한 종합적인 영향 분석 연구가 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	산림생태계의 각 요소에는 어떤 것들이 있는가?	본 연구는 산림생태계에서의 석회 시용 연구를 연대별, 국가별 그리고 주제별로 경향을 파악하고 석회 시용이 산림생태계의 각 요소 (토양, 식생, 수계 등)에 미치는 영향을 종합 분석하고자 하였다. 산림 대상 석회 시용은 연대별 산성강하물 유입량의 변화에 따라 시용 목적이 달라졌으며, 관련 연구는 산성화로 인한 대규모 산림 피해가 발생한 유럽과 북미 지역에서 주로 수행되었다.
	1970년대 독일 서부 흑림 및 미국의 HBEF에서 산성강하물로 인한 임목쇠퇴 현상 등 산림 피해가 발생하자 이를 해결하기 위해 제시된 해결방법 중 하나는 무엇인가?	1970년대 독일 서부 흑림 및 미국의 Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF)에서 산성강하물로 인한 임목쇠퇴 현상 등 산림 피해가 보고되면서(Huettl 1989; Driscoll et al. 2001), 이를 해결하기 위한 방법 중 하나로 산림 대상 석회 시용이 제시되었다. 1970년대 이전에도 산림 대상 석회 시용 연구가 수행되었으나, 1980년대 이후 유럽 및 북미 지역을 중심으로 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행되어 왔다(Huettl and Zoettl 1993; Derome et al.
	산성강하물에 의한 토양산성화는 산림생태계에 어떤 영향을 미치는가?	산성강하물에 의한 토양산성화는 산림생태계에 직·간접적으로 영향을 미친다(Kim 2005). 토양 pH가 일정 수준 이하로 낮아지면 칼슘, 마그네슘, 칼륨 등의 양분 유효도가 감소하고 알루미늄을 비롯한 독성 이온의 이동성이 증가한다(Pawlowski 1997). 또한 토양산성화는 식물 생장에 영향을 미치며, 토양 내 양분 및 독성 이온의 용탈을 일으켜 수계 내 플랑크톤의 변화 및 녹조 발생의 위험이 증가할 수 있다(Koo et al. 2016).

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