우리나라 농업 농촌은 경영 개선을 위해 유기농 쌀 생산과 더불어 담수어를 생산하는 복합영농이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 복합영농이 환경, 생태적 기능에 얼마나 가치가 있는지 알아보았다. 연구방법은 전문가 평가와 습지평가체계(RAM)를 분석하였다. 전문가 조사 결과 양서파충류 서식처(2.39), 수서곤충 서식처(2.36), 어류 서식처(2.34), 식생다양성(2.13), 조류 서식처(2.05) 등 생물다양성 분야와 체험/생태교육(2.29) 기능이 1순위로 구분되었다. Modified RAM를 통해 관행논과 복합논의 습지기능평가를 실시한 결과 복합논이 대부분의 평가기능 항목에서 기능이 향상 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 보전가치 판단기준은 관행논 향상에서 복합논 보전으로 가치가 향상 되었다. 연구결과 복합영농은 관행논에 비해 습지 기능이 탁월하게 개선되는 것을 평가를 통해 알 수 있었다. 논은 국가 생물다양성 유지에 지대한 역할을 수행하며, 기후조절, 탄소저감 등 다양한 생태계서비스를 제공하는 공간으로 평가받는다. 복합영농 실현은 논의 다양한 생태계서비스 기능을 증진시켜 줄 뿐 아니라 물고기 생산이라는 부가가치를 통한 농가의 소득증대와 그로 인한 체험, 전통계승 등의 사회적 기능 증진에도 유용 할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 습지기능평가가 높게 개선된 항목과 전문가들로부터 높은 개선이 예상된 항목을 실재 운영 시 정량 평가 및 조사하여 생산되는 물고기과 쌀의 친환경 이미지를 제고시키고 브랜드, 음식, 체험, 논농업 직불제 등 다양한 분야로 활용하도록 연구를 추가적으로 추진해야 할 것으로 판단된다.
우리나라 농업 농촌은 경영 개선을 위해 유기농 쌀 생산과 더불어 담수어를 생산하는 복합영농이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 복합영농이 환경, 생태적 기능에 얼마나 가치가 있는지 알아보았다. 연구방법은 전문가 평가와 습지평가체계(RAM)를 분석하였다. 전문가 조사 결과 양서파충류 서식처(2.39), 수서곤충 서식처(2.36), 어류 서식처(2.34), 식생다양성(2.13), 조류 서식처(2.05) 등 생물다양성 분야와 체험/생태교육(2.29) 기능이 1순위로 구분되었다. Modified RAM를 통해 관행논과 복합논의 습지기능평가를 실시한 결과 복합논이 대부분의 평가기능 항목에서 기능이 향상 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 보전가치 판단기준은 관행논 향상에서 복합논 보전으로 가치가 향상 되었다. 연구결과 복합영농은 관행논에 비해 습지 기능이 탁월하게 개선되는 것을 평가를 통해 알 수 있었다. 논은 국가 생물다양성 유지에 지대한 역할을 수행하며, 기후조절, 탄소저감 등 다양한 생태계서비스를 제공하는 공간으로 평가받는다. 복합영농 실현은 논의 다양한 생태계서비스 기능을 증진시켜 줄 뿐 아니라 물고기 생산이라는 부가가치를 통한 농가의 소득증대와 그로 인한 체험, 전통계승 등의 사회적 기능 증진에도 유용 할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 습지기능평가가 높게 개선된 항목과 전문가들로부터 높은 개선이 예상된 항목을 실재 운영 시 정량 평가 및 조사하여 생산되는 물고기과 쌀의 친환경 이미지를 제고시키고 브랜드, 음식, 체험, 논농업 직불제 등 다양한 분야로 활용하도록 연구를 추가적으로 추진해야 할 것으로 판단된다.
A mixed farming system that includes organic rice production and freshwater fish farming is being called into attention in Korean agricultural industry and rural areas in order to improve farm management and environmental conservation. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental and ecolo...
A mixed farming system that includes organic rice production and freshwater fish farming is being called into attention in Korean agricultural industry and rural areas in order to improve farm management and environmental conservation. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental and ecological value of such mixed farming practices. Expert assessment and rapid assessment method (RAM) of wetland evaluation were employed for this study. Experts have responded that biodiversity conservation including amphibian and reptile habitat (2.39), aquatic insect habitat (2.36), Fishery habitat (2.34), vegetation diversity (2.13), avian habitat (2.05), and experience and education were the most important function of mixed farming. The wetland function evaluation conducted using modified RAM indicated that rice-fish mixed system showed improvements in most of the evaluated functions, compared to the conventional rice paddies. The overall wetland function of rice paddies in rice-fish mixed system was greatly improved as compared with the conventional rice paddies. Rice paddies are known to play an important role in biodiversity maintenance, and provide ecosystem services such as climate modulation and carbon reduction. Rice-fish mixed system of farming may not only improve various ecosystem services of rice paddies, but may increase farm income through value added fish farming, as well as promotion of social services such as education and maintenance of tradition. Additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the values gained from the most improved wetland function when mixed farming system is actually put into practice, and to utilize the results in advertising of the organic rice, and in various sectors such as food, education and direct payment policy.
A mixed farming system that includes organic rice production and freshwater fish farming is being called into attention in Korean agricultural industry and rural areas in order to improve farm management and environmental conservation. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental and ecological value of such mixed farming practices. Expert assessment and rapid assessment method (RAM) of wetland evaluation were employed for this study. Experts have responded that biodiversity conservation including amphibian and reptile habitat (2.39), aquatic insect habitat (2.36), Fishery habitat (2.34), vegetation diversity (2.13), avian habitat (2.05), and experience and education were the most important function of mixed farming. The wetland function evaluation conducted using modified RAM indicated that rice-fish mixed system showed improvements in most of the evaluated functions, compared to the conventional rice paddies. The overall wetland function of rice paddies in rice-fish mixed system was greatly improved as compared with the conventional rice paddies. Rice paddies are known to play an important role in biodiversity maintenance, and provide ecosystem services such as climate modulation and carbon reduction. Rice-fish mixed system of farming may not only improve various ecosystem services of rice paddies, but may increase farm income through value added fish farming, as well as promotion of social services such as education and maintenance of tradition. Additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the values gained from the most improved wetland function when mixed farming system is actually put into practice, and to utilize the results in advertising of the organic rice, and in various sectors such as food, education and direct payment policy.
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문제 정의
Organic production of agricultural products has created higher income relative to conventional agriculture, and diverse methods are practiced nationally to produce organic products. This study was conducted to investigate the value of rice-fish mixed farming on rural environment and ecosystem.
제안 방법
Along with expert assessment and comments on ecological functions as wetlands of rice-fish mixed farming, the modified RAM was used to evaluate conventional rice paddies and rice-fish mixed farming(Table 7). Evaluation categories consisted of eight wetland functions including floral diversity and wildlife habitat, fishery and herptile habitat, flood and storm water storage, runoff attenuation, water quality protection, shoreline and stream bank protection, aesthetics and recreation, and groundwater recharge.
Along with expert assessment and comments on ecological functions as wetlands of rice-fish mixed farming, the modified RAM was used to evaluate conventional rice paddies and rice-fish mixed farming(Table 7). Evaluation categories consisted of eight wetland functions including floral diversity and wildlife habitat, fishery and herptile habitat, flood and storm water storage, runoff attenuation, water quality protection, shoreline and stream bank protection, aesthetics and recreation, and groundwater recharge. Each function was evaluated using 4 to 9 scales, and the point for each score given in appendix 1.
Survey responses were statistically analyzed to classify the 17 functions into first, second, and third rating categories based on their potential for improvement through rice-fish mixed farming(Table 5).
The modified RAM identified eight wetland functions, and each function was evaluated through 4 to 9 evaluation factors to give an average grade to a given wetland, which was then categorized into a grade of high value(>2.4), moderate value(1.7 to 2.3), or low value(<1.7)(Appendix 1, Table 3).
대상 데이터
0). A total of 56 professionals responded to the survey, including 13 people from business corporations(23.6%), 18 from research institutes(32.7%), and 19 from universities(34.5%)(Table 2). Respondents with the highest degree of education included 43 respondents who had doctorate degrees(78.
이론/모형
In this study, the modified RAM from Koo(2009) was used for wetland evaluation and analysis.
성능/효과
Survey responses were statistically analyzed to classify the 17 functions into first, second, and third rating categories based on their potential for improvement through rice-fish mixed farming(Table 5). According to the standard error and statistical analysis result, four functions that were not deemed not likely to significantly improve (climate regulation, rest area, air quality regulation, and flood control) were excluded and classified as exceptions.
(2010) reported that water quality protection and shoreline and stream bank protection functions can be enhanced through control of inflow and outflow. Among 9 evaluation elements in the aesthetics and recreation category, conventional rice paddy was rated as moderate for interspersion of vegetation, but rice-fish mixed farming was rated as high. These results are similar to those of Choi et al.
In the flood and storm water storage function category, there was no difference in the ratings between conventional paddy and rice-fish mixed farming, similar to the result of expert assessment. As there would be no structural change in the water inflow or outflow, the two systems received the same rating in the runoff attenuation category, and rice-fish mixed farming was rated high. In the water quality protection category, the mixed farming system was rated high in the hydroperiod and channel or sheet flow elements mainly due to structural changes in the system.
Moreover, hydroperiod and channel or sheet flow were also improved by water channel. Based on the assessment results, the conservation value increased in the wetland function category, with conventional rice paddies receiving high ratings in 3 functions, whereas the mixed farming system received high ratings in 7 functions. Wetland conservation strategy rating improved from 'improvement' in conventional rice paddies to 'conservation' in mixed farming in all evaluation standards.
Wetland function assessment through the modified RAM revealed that most of the wetland functions improved in the mixed farming system. In detail, 12 out of 52 evaluation elements were rated higher in the mixed farming system compared to conventional rice paddies, especially in the degree of interspersion of open water and cover, and vegetation type were rated highly due to creation of water channel in the mixed farming system. Moreover, hydroperiod and channel or sheet flow were also improved by water channel.
Our results showed that the average rating of the 17 potentially improved functions from the practice of rice-fish mixed farming ranged from 0.89 to 2.39, and the highest rating function was amphibian and reptile habitat(Table 4). The construction of a channel around the rice paddies would provide habitat for amphibians and reptiles, contributing to an increase in the species varieties and population.
Survey responses from 56 experts on 17 potentially improved wetland functions resulted in average ratings in the range of 0.89 to 2.39, and amphibians and reptile habitat was the highest rating function. Functions related to biodiversity such as aquatic insect habitat(2.
후속연구
From this perspective, practice of rice-fish mixed farming not only enhances ecosystem services provided by rice paddies, but also increases farm income through fish farming and provide social services such as ecological education and traditional activities. Additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the values gained from the most improved wetland function when mixed farming system is actually put into practice, and to utilize the results in advertising of the organic rice, and in various sectors such as food, education and direct payment policy.
Avian and mammal habitat was expected to improve in the mixed system, but for the purpose of this research, it was suggested that birds and mammals might damage the farming system. Therefore, further research is required to construct a system that would harmonize with the surrounding environment. The mixed farming system was suggested as having potential to become an educational space for experiential learning of ecosystem, fishing and collecting insects and plants.
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