우리는 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서 잠재적인 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 식물화학물질인 tannic acid (TA)에 알칼리 염 처리한 alkali tannate 염 중 하나인 potassium tannate (TA-K)를 평가하였다. TA-K의 정삼투 특성과 회수 특성은 체계적으로 조사되었다. 정삼투 공정을 active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) 방식으로 적용했을 때, TA-K 유도용액의 투수량은 TA 유도용액의 투수량 보다 훨씬 많은 반면, TA 유도용액의 투수량이 거의 확인되지 않았다. 100 mM 저농도에서의 TA-K 유도용액의 삼투압(1,135 mOsmol/kg)은 NaCl 수용액의 삼투압(173 mOsmol/kg)의 약 6.5배로 확인되었다. 100 mM 농도의 TA-K의 투수량과 specific salt flux (6.14 LMH, 1.26 g/L)는 동일한 농도의 NaCl 유도용액의 투수량과 specific salt flux (2.46 LMH, 2.63 g/L)의 약 2.5배 및 0.5배로 각각 확인되었다. TA-K를 재사용하기 위해, 금속 이온 침전법을 이용하여 TA-K유도용질을 침전시킨 후, membrane filtration을 이용하여 유도용질을 회수하였다. 이 연구는 식물화학물질을 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서의 적용 가능성을 보여준다.
우리는 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서 잠재적인 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 식물화학물질인 tannic acid (TA)에 알칼리 염 처리한 alkali tannate 염 중 하나인 potassium tannate (TA-K)를 평가하였다. TA-K의 정삼투 특성과 회수 특성은 체계적으로 조사되었다. 정삼투 공정을 active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) 방식으로 적용했을 때, TA-K 유도용액의 투수량은 TA 유도용액의 투수량 보다 훨씬 많은 반면, TA 유도용액의 투수량이 거의 확인되지 않았다. 100 mM 저농도에서의 TA-K 유도용액의 삼투압(1,135 mOsmol/kg)은 NaCl 수용액의 삼투압(173 mOsmol/kg)의 약 6.5배로 확인되었다. 100 mM 농도의 TA-K의 투수량과 specific salt flux (6.14 LMH, 1.26 g/L)는 동일한 농도의 NaCl 유도용액의 투수량과 specific salt flux (2.46 LMH, 2.63 g/L)의 약 2.5배 및 0.5배로 각각 확인되었다. TA-K를 재사용하기 위해, 금속 이온 침전법을 이용하여 TA-K유도용질을 침전시킨 후, membrane filtration을 이용하여 유도용질을 회수하였다. 이 연구는 식물화학물질을 정삼투 공정의 유도용질로서의 적용 가능성을 보여준다.
Potassium tannate (TA-K), which is prepared by base treatment of the bio-renewable tannic acid (TA), was evaluated for its potential application as a draw solute for water purification by forward osmosis. The forward osmosis and recovery properties of TA-K were systematically investigated. In the ap...
Potassium tannate (TA-K), which is prepared by base treatment of the bio-renewable tannic acid (TA), was evaluated for its potential application as a draw solute for water purification by forward osmosis. The forward osmosis and recovery properties of TA-K were systematically investigated. In the application of forward osmosis through the active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) method, the water flux of TA-K draw solution was significantly higher than that of the TA draw solution, while that of the latter was not identified. At a low concentration of 100 mM, the osmotic pressure (1,135 mOsmol/kg) of the TA-K draw solution was approximately 6.5 times that (173 mOsmol/kg) of the NaCl draw solution. Furthermore, the water flux and specific salt flux (6.14 LMH, 1.26 g/L) of the TA-K draw solution at 100 mM were approximately 2.5 and 0.5 times those of the NaCl draw solution (2.46 LMH, 2.63 g/L) at the same concentration, respectively. For reuse, TA-K was precipitated by using a metal ion and recovered through membrane filtration. This study demonstrates the applicability of a phytochemical material as a draw solute for forward osmosis.
Potassium tannate (TA-K), which is prepared by base treatment of the bio-renewable tannic acid (TA), was evaluated for its potential application as a draw solute for water purification by forward osmosis. The forward osmosis and recovery properties of TA-K were systematically investigated. In the application of forward osmosis through the active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) method, the water flux of TA-K draw solution was significantly higher than that of the TA draw solution, while that of the latter was not identified. At a low concentration of 100 mM, the osmotic pressure (1,135 mOsmol/kg) of the TA-K draw solution was approximately 6.5 times that (173 mOsmol/kg) of the NaCl draw solution. Furthermore, the water flux and specific salt flux (6.14 LMH, 1.26 g/L) of the TA-K draw solution at 100 mM were approximately 2.5 and 0.5 times those of the NaCl draw solution (2.46 LMH, 2.63 g/L) at the same concentration, respectively. For reuse, TA-K was precipitated by using a metal ion and recovered through membrane filtration. This study demonstrates the applicability of a phytochemical material as a draw solute for forward osmosis.
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제안 방법
In this study, we developed a potassium tannate (TA-K) product, a phytochemical polyphenol, to identify the potential use of phytochemicals as draw solutes in forward osmosis, and investigated the forward osmosis and recovery characteristics of TA-K.
In this study, we prepared and characterized potassium tannate (TA-K) as the draw solute of a forward osmosis process. The forward osmosis properties of the potassium tannate draw solution were superior to that of the conventional draw solute, i.
The rheological properties of the samples were investigated by measuring the shear rate changes using a cone-and-plate rheometer with a diameter of 40 mm and a cone angle of 2° (TA Instrument, AR G2, stress control type).
To identify the molecular structure of the draw solute, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher Scientific, NICOLET 380) in the wavelength range from 4,000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1 with a resolution of 4 cm-1 in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. The thermal properties of the samples were analyzed by measuring weight changes with varying temperatures using a thermogravimetric analyzer (SETARAM Instrumentation, SETSYS Evolution). To identify and quantitatively analyze carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms constituting the draw solute, we used an elemental analyzer (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Vario Micro Cube).
The osmotic pressure was measured using an osmometer (KNAUER, SEMIMICRO OSMOMETER K-7400) by the freezing point depression method. The water flux and reverse salt flux were determined by measuring the height difference between the solution levels on the two sides of a home-made U-shaped tube and the conductivity difference before and after the experiment, respectively.
The higher the specific salt flux, the greater is the loss of draw solute, and thus, the lower is the process efficiency. To identify the applicability of TA-K as draw solute with a higher osmotic pressure than that of other two solutions, the water flux, reverse salt flux, and specific salt flux were determined for various concentrations of each draw solution. As shown in Fig.
이론/모형
Conductivity was measured using a conductivity meter (METTLER TOLEDO, Seven2Go pro). The osmotic pressure was measured using an osmometer (KNAUER, SEMIMICRO OSMOMETER K-7400) by the freezing point depression method. The water flux and reverse salt flux were determined by measuring the height difference between the solution levels on the two sides of a home-made U-shaped tube and the conductivity difference before and after the experiment, respectively.
성능/효과
63 g/L) of the NaCl draw solution, respectively. The results confirmed that forward osmosis using TA-K as the draw solute is more efficient than that using NaCl. TA-K was recovered through a continuous process involving metal-ion precipitation and membrane filtration.
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