Yu, Jinxiu
(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University)
,
Wu, Ying
(Hunan Academy of Forestry)
,
He, Zhen
(Hunan Academy of Forestry)
,
Li, Mi
(Hunan Academy of Forestry)
,
Zhu, Kaiming
(Hunan Academy of Forestry)
,
Gao, Bida
(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University)
Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogeneti...
Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.
Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
To evaluate the potential antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi against phytopathogens, all isolates were screened using the dual culture method with the C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen fungi on PDA plates. Only five strains inhibited the growth of C.
대상 데이터
oleifera trees of different ages were sampled; for each tree, a branch of four position with fresh leaf samples, five bark samples, and two peel samples from the same fruit were collected. Five trees were sampled at every sampling site. All samples were sealed in vacuum bags, kept at 4°C, and used within 48 h of collection.
oleifera from 2013 to 2015. Healthy C. oleifera trees of different ages were sampled; for each tree, a branch of four position with fresh leaf samples, five bark samples, and two peel samples from the same fruit were collected. Five trees were sampled at every sampling site.
The samples were collected from the major C. oleifera-producing area in the Hunan province and the National Germplasm Resources Pool of C. oleifera from 2013 to 2015. Healthy C.
이론/모형
To characterize the diversity of the isolated endophytic fungi, we calculated the Camargo’s index, Simpson’s diversity index, and Shannon diversity index.
성능/효과
Differences in the fungal isolation frequencies and relative frequencies in various plant organs were calculated; 58.02% of the isolates were obtained from the leaf tissues, 27.16% from the barks, and 14.81% from fruits. The dominant species occurring with a high relative frequency were Pestalotiopsis sp.
The preferred plant growth organ of endophytic fungi may be determined based on the appearing frequency of occurrence of endophytic fungi in different organs [34]. Our results revealed that the distribution of endophytic fungi in C. oleifera was organ-specific. The number of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissues was the highest, accounting for 58.
The Deuteromycotina strains were divided into two classes: Coelomycetes and Hyphomycetes; the Coelomycetes endophytic fungi (29 strains) represented five genera: Pestalotia, Pestalotiaopsis, Colletotrichum, Phoma, and Macrophoma; Hyphomycetes isolates (42 strains) represented seven genera: Penicillium, Penicilliopsis, Paecilomyces, Trichothecium, Oidium, Alternaria, and Fusarium.
In the current study, 81 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from different areas of the Hunan province and identified both on the basis of morphological characteristics and by phylogenetic analyses. The data indicated that the endophytic fungal strains represented five different orders: Melanconiales, Sphaeropsidales, Moniliales, Endomycetales, and Sphaeriales. Usually, endophytic fungal colonization of the host plant was asymptomatic.
The endophytic fungi were identified on the basis of morphology and by phylogenetic analysis. The isolates were divided into 81 phenotype groups based on their morphological characteristics and classified into 29 fungal taxa according to phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS region sequencing. From the 29 fungal taxa, 23 taxa containing 61 phenotype groups were identified to species level; five taxa containing 19 phenotype groups were identified to genus level; and one taxon was identified to family level.
oleifera was organ-specific. The number of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissues was the highest, accounting for 58.02% of all isolates; 22 and 12 isolates were obtained from the bark and peel tissues, respectively, accounting for 27.16% and 14.81% of all isolates, respectively. Similarly, the Simpson’s and Shannon’s diversity indices indicated that the highest species diversity was in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits, accordingly.
The results were recorded as no inhibition (–), and weak inhibition (+), moderate inhibition (++), or strong inhibition (+++).
참고문헌 (54)
1 Vogl AE. Mehl und die anderen Mehlprodukte der Cerealien und Leguminosen . Nahrungsm Unters Hyg Warenk . 1898 ; 12 : 25 – 29 .
3 Petrini O. Fungal endophytes of tree leaves In: Andrews JH , Hirano SS , editors. Microbial ecology of leaves . New York : Springer ; 1991 p. 179 – 197 .
4 Azevedo JL , Walter M Jr , Pereira JO , et al Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants . Electron J Biotechnol . 2000 ; 3 : 40 – 65 .
5 Strobel G , Daisy B. Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products . Microbiol Mol Biol R . 2003 ; 67 : 491 – 502 .
6 Chen Y. Fine germplasm resources of Camellia oleifera . Beijing : China Forestry Publishing House ; 2008 .
7 Chen Y , Wang D , Wang B. Analysis on comprehensive utilization of Camellia oleifera . J Hunan Forestry Sci Technol . 1997 ; 24 : 15 – 19 .
8 Lan Q , Jiang G , Wu W. Research progress of endophytic fungi in agricultural plants . World Pest . 2002 ; 24 : 10 – 11 .
9 Paul NC , Deng J , Sang H , et al Distribution and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi in different growth stages of chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Korea . Plant Pathol J . 2012 ; 28 : 10 – 19 .
10 Wang Y , Lai Z , Li X , et al Isolation, diversity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the culturable endophytic fungi harboured in Huperzia serrata from Jinggang Mountain, China . World J Microbiol Biotechnol . 2016 ; 32 : 20 – 23 . 26745980
11 Luo Z , Lin H , Ding W , et al Phylogenetic diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Tephrosia purpurea . Mycobiology . 2015 ; 43 : 435 – 443 . 26839503
12 de Siqueira VM , Conti R , de Araújo JM , et al Endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Lippia sidoides Cham. and their antimicrobial activity . Symbiosis . 2011 ; 53 : 89 – 95 .
13 Rivera-Orduña FN , Suarez-Sanchez RA , Flores-Bustamante ZR , et al Diversity of endophytic fungi of Taxus globosa (Mexican yew) . Fungal Divers . 2010 ; 47 : 65 – 74 .
15 White TJ , Bruns TD , Lee SB , Taylor JW. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications . San Diego : Academic Press ; 1990 p. 315 – 322 .
16 Camargo JA. Can dominance influence stability in competitive interactions? Oikos . 1992 ; 64 : 605 – 609 .
17 Shannon CE , Weaver W. The mathematical theory of communication . Urbana : University of Illinois Press ; 1949 .
18 Simpson EH. Measurement of species diversity . Nature (Lond) . 1949 ; 163 : 688 .
19 Pielou EC. An introduction to mathematical ecology . Bioscience . 1969 ; 24 : 7 – 12 .
20 Jaccard P. Distribution de la Flore Alpine dans le Bassin des Dranses et dans quelques régions voisines . Bull Soc Vaudoise Sci Nat . 1901 ; 37 : 241 – 272 .
21 Zeng D , He Z , Fu Y , et al Studies on biological control of oil tea anthracnose . Sci Silvae Sin . 1987 ; 23 : 144 – 150 .
22 Zhou G , Lu L , Liu J , et al Screening of beneficial endophytic bacteria to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and effects of control diseases . J Hunan Agricult Univ (Nat Sci) . 2008 ; 34 : 698 – 700 .
23 Lu L. Screening, fermentation conditions and inhibiting mechanisms of antagonistic strains against Camellia oleifera anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [dissertation] . Changsha : Central South University of Forestry and Tenchnology ; 2009 .
24 You J , Zhou G , Liu J , et al Microbial inoculum of Camellia oleifera endophytic antagonistic bacteria Y13 . J Cent South Univ Forest Technol . 2010 ; 30 : 131 – 134 .
25 Wang R. Colonization and adjusted effect of inoculating with antagonistic strain Y13 on microbe in Camellia oleifera [dissertation] . Changsha : Central South University of Forestry and Technology ; 2014 .
26 Jiang W , Liu X , Qiu R , et al Screening and identification of oil-tea endophytic antagonistic bacteria . J Anhui Agricult Sci . 2016 ; 44 : 125 – 127 .
27 Zhou X , Zhang T , Zhang M , et al Isolation of endophytic fungi from Camellia oleifera . J Anhui Agricult Sci . 2012 ; 40 : 8958 – 8959 .
28 Zhang L , Zhang Y , Wang S , et al The composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in different parts of Camellia oleifera Abel . China Forest Sci Technol . 2013 ; 27 : 101 – 105 .
29 Zhou S , Yan S , Wu Z , et al Detection of endophytic fungi within foliar tissues of Camellia oleifera based on rDNA ITS sequences . Mycosystema . 2013 ; 32 : 819 – 830 .
30 Gan J , Chen Y , Liu Y , et al Distribution of endophytic fungi in Ginkgo biloba . J Fungal Res . 2007 ; 5 : 137 – 141 .
31 Zheng Y , Qiao X , Miao C , et al Diversity, distribution and biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi . Ann Microbiol . 2015 ; 66 : 529 – 542 .
32 Li X , Li W , Chu L , et al Diversity and heavy metal tolerance of endophytic fungi from Dysphania ambrosioides , a hyperaccumulator from Pb–Zn contaminated soils . J Plant Interact . 2016 ; 11 : 186 – 192 .
33 Xiong Z , Yang Y , Zhao N , et al Diversity of endophytic fungi and screening of fungal paclitaxel producer from Anglojap yew, Taxus x media . BMC Microbiol . 2013 ; 13 : 71 . 23537181
35 Kharwar RN , Verma SK , Mishra A , et al Assessment of diversity, distribution and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers . Symbiosis . 2011 ; 55 : 39 – 46 .
37 Arnold AE , Maynard Z , Gilbert GS. Fungal endophytes in dicotyledonous neotropical trees: patterns of abundance and diversity . Mycol Res . 2001 ; 105 : 1502 – 1507 .
39 Ding G , Liu S , Guo L , et al Antifungal metabolites from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis foedan . J Nat Prod . 2008 ; 71 : 615 . 18288805
40 Li E , Jiang L , Guo L , et al Pestalachlorides A-C, antifungal metabolites from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis adusta . Bioorgan Med Chem . 2008 ; 16 : 7894 – 7899 .
41 Tejesvi MV , Kini KR , Prakash HS , Subbiah V , Shetty HS. Genetic diversity and antifungal activity of species of Pestalotiopsis isolated as endophytes from medicinal plants . Fungal Divers . 2007 ; 24 : 37 .
42 Chen XM , Dong HL , Hu KX , et al Diversity and antimicrobial and plant-growth-promoting activities of endophytic fungi in Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe . J Plant Growth Regul . 2010 ; 29 : 328 – 337 .
43 Rosa LH , Almeida Vieira ML , Santiago IF , et al Endophytic fungi community associated with the dicotyledonous plant Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae) in Antarctica . FEMS Microbiol Ecol . 2010 ; 73 : 178 – 189 . 20455944
44 Park JH , Park JH , Choi GJ , et al Screening for antifungal endophytic fungi against six plant pathogenic fungi . Mycobiology . 2003 ; 31 : 179 – 182 .
46 Qi F , Jing T , Zhan Y. Characterization of endophytic fungi from Acer ginnala Maxim. in an artificial plantation: media effect and tissue-dependent variation . Plos One . 2012 ;7:e46785.
47 Gazis R , Chaverri P. Diversity of fungal endophytes in leaves and stems of wild rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ) in Peru . Fungal Ecol . 2010 ; 3 : 240 – 254 .
48 Bezerra JD , Santos MG , Svedese VM , et al Richness of endophytic fungi isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. (Cactaceae) and preliminary screening for enzyme production . World J Microbiol Biotechnol . 2012 ; 28 : 1989 – 1995 . 22806020
50 Hanada RE , Pomella AW , Costa HS , et al Endophytic fungal diversity in Theobroma cacao (cacao) and T. grandiflorum (cupuacu) trees and their potential for growth promotion and biocontrol of black-pod disease . Fungal Biol . 2010 ; 114 : 901 – 910 . 21036333
51 Tejesvi MV , Kajula M , Mattila S , et al Bioactivity and genetic diversity of endophytic fungi in Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja . Fungal Divers . 2011 ; 47 : 97 – 107 .
52 Liu X , Dong M , Chen X , et al Antimicrobial activity of an endophytic Xylaria sp. YX-28 and identification of its antimicrobial compound 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol . 2008 ; 78 : 241 – 247 . 18092158
53 Shibuya H , Kitamura C , Maehara S , et al Transformation of cinchona alkaloids into 1-N-oxide derivatives by endophytic xylaria sp. isolated from Cinchona pubescens . Chem Pharm Bull . 2003 ; 51 : 71 – 74 . 12520132
54 Liu X , Dong M , Chen X , et al Antioxidant activity and phenolics of an endophytic Xylaria sp. from Ginkgo biloba . Food Chem . 2007 ; 105 : 548 – 554 .
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.