Phuentshok, Yoenten
(One Health Epidemiology Fellowship Program, Massey University)
,
Dorji, Kezang
(One Health Epidemiology Fellowship Program, Massey University)
,
Zangpo, Tandin
(One Health Epidemiology Fellowship Program, Massey University)
,
Davidson, Silas A.
(Entomology Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS))
,
Takhampunya, Ratree
(Entomology Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS))
,
Tenzinla, Tenzinla
(National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests)
,
Dorjee, Chencho
(Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan)
,
Morris, Roger S.
(MorVet Ltd, Consultancy Services in Health Risk Management and Food Safety Policy)
,
Jolly, Peter D.
(International Development Group, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University)
,
Dorjee, Sithar
(Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan)
,
McKenzie, Joanna S.
(International Development Group, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University)
Rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors of many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, but little is known about their role in zoonotic disease transmission in Bhutan. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation of zoonotic disease pathogens in rodents was performed in Chukha distric...
Rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors of many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, but little is known about their role in zoonotic disease transmission in Bhutan. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation of zoonotic disease pathogens in rodents was performed in Chukha district, Bhutan, where a high incidence of scrub typhus and cases of acute undifferentiated febrile illness had been reported in people during the preceding 4-6 months. Twelve rodents were trapped alive using wire-mesh traps. Following euthanasia, liver and kidney tissues were removed and tested using PCR for Orientia tsutsugamushi and other bacterial and rickettsial pathogens causing bartonellosis, borreliosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on all rodent species captured and pathogens detected. Four out of the 12 rodents (33.3%) tested positive by PCR for zoonotic pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella grahamii, and B. queenslandensis were identified for the first time in Bhutan. Leptospira interrogans was also detected for the first time from rodents in Bhutan. The findings demonstrate the presence of these zoonotic pathogens in rodents in Bhutan, which may pose a risk of disease transmission to humans.
Rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors of many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, but little is known about their role in zoonotic disease transmission in Bhutan. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation of zoonotic disease pathogens in rodents was performed in Chukha district, Bhutan, where a high incidence of scrub typhus and cases of acute undifferentiated febrile illness had been reported in people during the preceding 4-6 months. Twelve rodents were trapped alive using wire-mesh traps. Following euthanasia, liver and kidney tissues were removed and tested using PCR for Orientia tsutsugamushi and other bacterial and rickettsial pathogens causing bartonellosis, borreliosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on all rodent species captured and pathogens detected. Four out of the 12 rodents (33.3%) tested positive by PCR for zoonotic pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella grahamii, and B. queenslandensis were identified for the first time in Bhutan. Leptospira interrogans was also detected for the first time from rodents in Bhutan. The findings demonstrate the presence of these zoonotic pathogens in rodents in Bhutan, which may pose a risk of disease transmission to humans.
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문제 정의
In this study, a cross-sectional survey for evidence of infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi and other zoonotic disease pathogens was conducted in rodents, in association with a case-control study, to investigate risk factors for scrub typhus in people who had AUFI in Bhutan. The rodent survey was conducted between February and April 2016 in 8 hamlets around Gedu (26˚55’21.
This study shows that sampling even a few rodents in Bhutan can provide important information about potential risks of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases. More detailed information on the geographic distribution and prevalence of these organisms in rodents could support the development of a list of potential pathogenic organisms for clinicians to test for in cases of undiagnosed undifferentiated acute fever.
제안 방법
Immediately after euthanasia, kidney and liver samples were collected and preserved in 70% alcohol. Preserved tissue samples were transported to the Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand, for molecular identification of rodent species and phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic bacterial and rickettsial pathogens.
대상 데이터
Twelve rodents were captured from a total of 176 trap nights across the 8 hamlets around Gedu. Serum, liver and kidney tissue samples were preserved from all 12 rodents and sent to AFRIMS for testing. Five species and 4 genera of rodents were identified using the COI gene sequence (Table 1; Fig.
The rodent survey was conducted between February and April 2016 in 8 hamlets around Gedu (26˚55’21.4’’ N, 89˚31’25.7’’ E), a small town in Chukha district, south-western Bhutan, where a high incidence of scrub typhus had been detected in people in the case control study.
Twelve rodents were captured from a total of 176 trap nights across the 8 hamlets around Gedu. Serum, liver and kidney tissue samples were preserved from all 12 rodents and sent to AFRIMS for testing.
이론/모형
0% to 100%. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method based on the General Time Reversible model (GTR+G+I). The species identified were: the Himalayan field rat, Rattus nitidus (n=4, 99.
(C) Phylogenetic tree of ankA gene (50-101 bp) of Anaplasma spp. constructed by ML method based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. Only bootstrap values of 70% or greater are shown.
(B) Phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene (1,169 bp) of Leptospira spp. constructed by NJ method based on the Maximum Composite Likelihood model. (C) Phylogenetic tree of ankA gene (50-101 bp) of Anaplasma spp.
성능/효과
2A, B). A. phagocytophilum was detected from 16.7% (2/12) of rodent samples and was found in N. fulvescens and S. murinus. The pathogens B.
These 2 rodents represent potentially novel species but more advanced morphological and molecular characterization is needed to verify this. All 4 of the S. murinus shrews were collected from a single household in Damdara, while R. nitidus rats were collected from 5 of the 8 collection sites.
The remaining 2 rodents fell in the cluster of the Mus group but had a much lower sequence identity (89.6%) for which the closest reference sequence was for Mus pahari, Gairdner's shrewmouse.
A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method based on the General Time Reversible model (GTR+G+I). The species identified were: the Himalayan field rat, Rattus nitidus (n=4, 99.8% identity); Chestnut white bellied rat, Niviventer fulvescens (n=1, 95.0% identity); house mouse, Mus musculus (n=1, 100% identity); and Asian house shrew, Suncus murinus (n=4, 96.4-96.6% identity). The remaining 2 rodents fell in the cluster of the Mus group but had a much lower sequence identity (89.
참고문헌 (20)
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