Will Prone Trunk Extension Affect Scapular and Thoracic Kinematics and Muscle Activities During Scapular Posterior Tilting Exercise in Subjects With Round Shoulder and Flexed Posture?원문보기
Background: Round shoulder posture, results from excessive flexed posture of the thorax, is defined as a position of scapular protraction, anterior tipping, and downward rotation. However, previous studies have focused on only passive position of the thorax during scapular posterior tilting (SPT) an...
Background: Round shoulder posture, results from excessive flexed posture of the thorax, is defined as a position of scapular protraction, anterior tipping, and downward rotation. However, previous studies have focused on only passive position of the thorax during scapular posterior tilting (SPT) and have not reported on SPT combined with correction of flexed posture. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT with prone trunk extension (SPT + PTE) on activities of the lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and thoracic erector spinae and degree of posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture were recruited. The caliper was used to measure the degree of round shoulder and flexed posture. Electromyography was performed to collect data of muscle activities. Paired t-test was used to compare two exercise (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: When SPT + PTE was applied, the degree of round shoulder posture (p=.001) and flexed posture (p=.039) significantly decreased compared with that when SPT was applied. The lower trapezius activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.026). There were no significant differences in serratus anterior activity between SPT + PTE and SPT. The thoracic erector spinae activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.014). Conclusion: SPT + PTE might be one of the effective methods to enhance activities of lower trapezius and thoracic erector spinae, and to reduce round shoulder posture and flexed posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture.
Background: Round shoulder posture, results from excessive flexed posture of the thorax, is defined as a position of scapular protraction, anterior tipping, and downward rotation. However, previous studies have focused on only passive position of the thorax during scapular posterior tilting (SPT) and have not reported on SPT combined with correction of flexed posture. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT with prone trunk extension (SPT + PTE) on activities of the lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and thoracic erector spinae and degree of posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture were recruited. The caliper was used to measure the degree of round shoulder and flexed posture. Electromyography was performed to collect data of muscle activities. Paired t-test was used to compare two exercise (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: When SPT + PTE was applied, the degree of round shoulder posture (p=.001) and flexed posture (p=.039) significantly decreased compared with that when SPT was applied. The lower trapezius activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.026). There were no significant differences in serratus anterior activity between SPT + PTE and SPT. The thoracic erector spinae activity significantly increased in the SPT + PTE condition compared with that in the SPT condition (p=.014). Conclusion: SPT + PTE might be one of the effective methods to enhance activities of lower trapezius and thoracic erector spinae, and to reduce round shoulder posture and flexed posture in subjects with round shoulder and flexed posture.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
The hypothesis was that LT, SA, and TES activity would be enhanced and degree of RSP and FP would be decreased when SPT + PTE was applied. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the application of PTE during SPT.
가설 설정
The purpose of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT + PTE on activities of the LT, SA, and TES and degree of posture in subjects with RSP and FP. We hypothesized that activities of the LT, SA, and TES would increase and degree of RSP and FP would decrease during SPT + PTE compared with those during SPT.
제안 방법
Prior to the intervention, the subject was determined to have RSP, and degree of FP was measured. Then, the subject was familiarized with the SPT until he/she could maintain the position of exercise properly for 5 s.
05. The effect size was calculated by dividing the mean difference between the two exercises by the SD of the SPT.
The purpose of this study was to compare effects of SPT and SPT + PTE on activities of the LT, SA, and TES and degree of posture in subjects with RSP and FP. We hypothesized that activities of the LT, SA, and TES would increase and degree of RSP and FP would decrease during SPT + PTE compared with those during SPT.
A 5-min period was given after familiarization to inhibit learning effect and muscle fatigue. The subject performed the two exercises in random order using the random number generator in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA). Each intervention was maintained for 5 s, and two trials were performed.
The subject was instructed to raise the tested arm with the elbow extended until the radial border of the wrist touched the target bar slightly and held this position without pushing the target bar, which was located at the subject’s earlobe line in the prone position.
The subject’s hip, knees, and ankles was fixed with nonelastic straps (Park et al, 2015a). The subject was then instructed to lift the upper trunk parallel to the ground while his/her non-tested arm was placed at the chest to inhibit compensatory motion. The PI pushed the subject’s chin and most pronounced thoracic spinous process to maintain neutral alignment for craniocervicothoracic stabilization (Lee et al, 2016).
This study analyzed the effect of SPT + PTE on posture and activities of LT, SA, and TES in subjects with RSP and FP and compare SPT and SPT + PTE as regards RSP, FP, and activities of LT, SA, and TES. The results reported that SPT + PTE markedly reduced RSP and FP and increased activities of LT and TES as compared with SPT.
This study incorporated PTE to determine whether SPTs with PTE differentially affected the LT, SA and TES activities and degree of posture in subjects with RSP and FP. The hypothesis was that LT, SA, and TES activity would be enhanced and degree of RSP and FP would be decreased when SPT + PTE was applied.
For the SA, the subject sat with shoulder internal rotation and 125˚ abduction in the scapular plane (Kendall et al, 2005). To measure MVIC of the TES, the subject was placed in the prone position with the chest positioned at the edge of the bed. The patient performed upper trunk extension and shoulder retraction while the PI applied resistance to the subject’s shoulders (Vera-Garcia et al, 2010).
대상 데이터
Fifteen subjects, consisting of 10 men and 5 women (age 21±2 years, height 171.7±7.9 ㎝, weight 71.2±9.2 ㎏, BMI 24.1±2.7 ㎏/㎡), were recruited.
데이터처리
, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. First, assumption of normal distribution was confirmed using one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Paired t-tests were conducted to assess the statistical significance of the activities of the LT, SA and TES; RSP; and FP between SPT and SPT + PTE.
First, assumption of normal distribution was confirmed using one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Paired t-tests were conducted to assess the statistical significance of the activities of the LT, SA and TES; RSP; and FP between SPT and SPT + PTE. The significance level was set at α=.
성능/효과
, antigravity position and scapular tilting anteriorly). In this study, the SPT + PTE position was more challenging than the SPT position because SPT + PTE was performed in antigravity position and without trunk support. Therefore, SPT + PTE could be an effective exercise to increase LT activity in subjects with RSP and FP.
This study incorporated PTE to determine whether SPTs with PTE differentially affected the LT, SA and TES activities and degree of posture in subjects with RSP and FP. The hypothesis was that LT, SA, and TES activity would be enhanced and degree of RSP and FP would be decreased when SPT + PTE was applied. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the application of PTE during SPT.
This study analyzed the effect of SPT + PTE on posture and activities of LT, SA, and TES in subjects with RSP and FP and compare SPT and SPT + PTE as regards RSP, FP, and activities of LT, SA, and TES. The results reported that SPT + PTE markedly reduced RSP and FP and increased activities of LT and TES as compared with SPT. Thus, SPT + PTE might be one of the effective methods to elicit LT and TES activity and to decrease RSP and FP in subjects with RSP and FP.
후속연구
Third, we measured the degree of RSP in supine position and that of FP in standing position. Further studies should measure the RSP and FP in the same position to exhibit assistance of gravity and ensure more validity.
참고문헌 (31)
Ball JM, Cagle P, Johnson BE, et al. Spinal extension exercises prevent natural progression of kyphosis. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(3):481-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0690-3
Cole AK, McGrath ML, Harrington SE, et al. Scapular bracing and alteration of posture and muscle activity in overhead athletes with poor posture. J Athl Train. 2013;48(1):12-24. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.13
Finley MA and Lee RY. Effect of sitting posture on 3-dimensional scapular kinematics measured by skin-mounted electromagnetic tracking sensors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(4):563-568. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50087
Granito RN, Aveiro MC, Renno ACM, et al. Comparison of thoracic kyphosis degree, trunk muscle strength and joint position sense among healthy and osteoporotic elderly women: A cross-sectional preliminary study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54(2):199-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.012
Gray JC, Grimsby O. Interrelationship of the spine, rib cage, and shoulder. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2012:87-130.
Ha SM, Kwon OY, Cynn HS, et al. Comparison of electromyographic activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle in different arm-lifting scapular posterior tilt exercises. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(4):227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.002
Hinman MR. Comparison of thoracic kyphosis and postural stiffness in younger and older women. Spine J. 2004;4(4):413-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2004.01.002
Hongo M, Itoi E, Sinaki M, et al. Effects of reducing resistance, repetitions, and frequency of backstrengthening exercise in healthy young women: A pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(7):1299-1303.
Hrysomallis C. Effectiveness of strengthening and stretching exercises for the postural correction of abducted scapulae: A review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):567-574. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c069d8
Katzman WB, Vittinghoff E, Kado DM, et al. Study of hyperkyphosis, exercise and function (SHEAF) protocol of a randomized controlled trial of multimodal spine strengthening exercise in older adults with hyperkyphosis. Phys Ther. 2015;96(3):371-381. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150171
Kebaetse M, McClure P, Pratt NA. Thoracic position effect on shoulder range of motion, strength, and three-dimensional scapular kinematics. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(8):945-950.
Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, et al. Muscles: Testing and Function With Posture and Pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
Kibler WB, Sciascia AD, Uhl TL, et al. Electromyographic analysis of specific exercises for scapular control in early phases of shoulder rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(9):1789-1798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316281
Lee JH, Cynn HS, Yoon TL, et al. The effect of scapular posterior tilt exercise, pectoralis minor stretching, and shoulder brace on scapular alignment and muscles activity in subjects with round-shoulder posture. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015;25(1):107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.10.010
Lee JH, Cynn HS, Choi WJ, et al. Various shrug exercises can change scapular kinematics and scapular rotator muscle activities in subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome. Hum Mov Sci. 2016;45:119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.016
Ludewig PM, Paula M, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000;80(3):276-291.
Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Amsterdam. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013.
McClure PW, Bialker J, Neff N, et al. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program. Phys Ther. 2004;84(9):832-848.
O'Sullivan PB, Grahamslaw KM, Kendell M, et al. The effect of different standing and sitting postures on trunk muscle activity in a pain-free population. Spine. 2002;27(11):1238-1244.
Park KH, Kang MH, Kim TH, et al. Selective recruitment of the thoracic erector spinae during prone trunk-extension exercise. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015a;28(4):789-795. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-150586
Park SY, Yoo WG, An DH, et al. Comparison of isometric exercises for activating latissimus dorsi against the upper body weight. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015b;25(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.09.001
Sahrmann S. Movement System Impairment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines. St. Louis, MO, Elsevier/Mosby, 2011.
Silva AG, Punt TD, Sharples P, et al. Head posture and neck pain of chronic nontraumatic origin: A comparison between patients and pain-free persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(4):669-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.018
Sinaki M. The role of physical activity in bone health: a new hypothesis to reduce risk of vertebral fracture. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18(3):593-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2007.04.002
Sinaki M, Itoi E, Rogers JW, et al. Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogen-deficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;75(5):370-374.
Thigpen CA, Padua DA, Michener LA, et al. Head and shoulder posture affect scapular mechanics and muscle activity in overhead tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(4):701-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.12.003
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.