[논문]직접유출량 모의를 위한 ArcGIS 기반의 모형 개발 및 개선

김종건; 임경재; 차상선; 박찬기; 박윤식

doi:10.5389/ksae.2018.60.6.065

직접유출량 모의를 위한 ArcGIS 기반의 모형 개발 및 개선
Improvement and Application of the ArcGIS-based Model to Estimate Direct Runoff 원문보기

한국농공학회논문집 = Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, v.60 no.6, 2018년, pp.65 - 71

김종건 (Department of Regional Infrastructures Engineering, Kangwon National University) , 임경재 (Department of Regional Infrastructures Engineering, Kangwon National University) , (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University) , 차상선 (Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Kongju National University) , 박찬기 (Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Kongju National University) , 박윤식 (Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Kongju National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model is a quick and straightforward analysis tool to estimate direct runoff and nonpoint source pollution. L-THIA was originally implemented as a spreadsheet application. GIS-based versions of L-THIA have been developed in ArcView 3 and upgraded to ArcGIS 9. However, a major upgrade was required for L-THIA to operate in the current version of ArcGIS and to provide more options in runoff and NPS estimation. An updated L-THIA interfaced with ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 has been developed in the study as an ArcGIS Desktop Tool. The model provides a user-friendly interface, easy access to the model parameters, and an automated watershed delineation process. The model allows use of precipitation data from multiple gauge locations for the watershed when a watershed is large enough to have more than one precipitation gauge station. The model estimated annual direct runoff well for our study area compared to separated direct runoff in the calibration and validation periods of ten and nine years. The ArcL-THIA, with a user-friendly interface and enhanced functions, is expected to be a decision support model requiring less effort for GIS processes or to be a useful educational hydrology model.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1 Interface of ArcL-THIA
표 Table 1 Classification of AMC
그림 Fig. 2 Schematic depicting ArcL-THIA to estimate direct runoff and pollutant loads
그림 Fig. 3 Location of study area and rainfall gauge stations
그림 Fig. 4 Comparison of measured and estimated flow in calibration and validation
표 Table 2 Landuse distribution for study watershed

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

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제안 방법

However, an upgrade for L-THIA implementation in the current version of ArcGIS was necessary and to provide more options for runoff estimation. A newer L-THIA was developed in the study to provide enhanced capability in direct runoff estimation.
(2005) to separate streamflow into direct runoff and baseflow using three methods (Local Minimum Method, BFLOW filter, and Eckhardt filter). In this study, the Eckhardt filter in WHAT was used to estimate baseflow based BFI(Base Flow Index) which indicates the ratio of baseflow to streamflow considering various aquifer types. The ArcL-THIA was calibrated using the separated direct runoff from 1994 to 2003 and validated using the separated direct runoff from 2004 to 2012.
L-THIA has been applied in various watersheds and showed reasonable results, however, an upgrade for L-THIA was required for implementation in the current version of ArcGIS and to provide more options for direct runoff estimation. The L-THIA ArcView 3 system is obsolete due to the age of the GIS tool.
The first enhancement is that the watershed delineation process is automated in the model as an optional step. The model employs a series of ArcGIS tools to delineate a watershed for the spatial input datasets provided by users. It helps the users not only to delineate a watershed using DEM data but also transforms the landuse and soil maps into watershed forms.
Further, ArcGIS 9 is no longer supported. Therefore, the objective of the study was to develop L-THIA in ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 to estimate long-term direct runoff and NPS loads, considering actual daily precipitation data. The expected purposes of the model were to support decision making and for use as an educational hydrology model.

대상 데이터

, spatial data, weather, and measured streamflow) has been well established in this watershed for validating the ArcL-THIA model performance for a long-term simulation. The spatial input datasets to delineate the watershed and to assign CN in the study were the 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset, the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (NLCD 2001) from USGS, and Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Total watershed area is 4409.

이론/모형

, 2005). The WHAT system was developed by Lim et al. (2005) to separate streamflow into direct runoff and baseflow using three methods (Local Minimum Method, BFLOW filter, and Eckhardt filter). In this study, the Eckhardt filter in WHAT was used to estimate baseflow based BFI(Base Flow Index) which indicates the ratio of baseflow to streamflow considering various aquifer types.
(2009) used the L-THIA model for two small watersheds in South Korea, which are the Wol-oe and An-nae watersheds. They used Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency index (NSE) and determination coefficient (R²) to evaluate the estimated direct runoff by the model. The NSE and R² in the Wol-oe watershed were 0.

성능/효과

Based on the facts that L-THIA is a quick and straightforward approach to estimate direct runoff and that the ArcL-THIA model has a user-friendly interfaces, it is expected that the model will be a decision support model requiring less effort for GIS processes and less knowledge on hydrology or would be a useful hydrology-educational model(https://npsLab. kongju. ac.kr). However, the model has a limitation to apply it in a steep slope area due to the limitation of NRCS-CN method.

후속연구

1 to estimate long-term direct runoff and NPS loads, considering actual daily precipitation data. The expected purposes of the model were to support decision making and for use as an educational hydrology model. Therefore, it was necessary to maintain an easy-to-use modeling philosophy with a user-friendly interface.

참고문헌 (12)

Bhaduri, B., J. Harbor, B. A. Engel, and M. Grove, 2000. Assessing watershed-scale, long-term hydrologic impacts of land use change using a GIS-NPS model. Environmental Management 26(6): 643-658. doi:10.1007/s002670010122.

상세보기
Choi, J. W., H. Lee, D. S. Shin, and S. U. Cheon, 2009. Evaluation of estimated storm runoff and non-point pollutant discharge from upper watershed of Daecheong reservoir during rainy season using L-THIA ArcView GIS model. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 25(6): 984-993 (in Korean).
Garen, D. C., and D. S. Moore, 2005. Curve number hydrology in water quality modeling: uses, abuses, and future directions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41(2): 377-388. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03742.x.

상세보기
Jeon, J., D. K. Cha, D. Choi, and T. Kim, 2013. Spatial analysis of nonpoint source pollutant loading from the Imha dam watershed using L-THIA. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 55(1): 17-29.
Kim, J., B. A. Engel, W. S. Jang, Y. S. Park, J. Park, D. Shin, S. J. Kim, and K. J. Lim, 2010. Development and application of L-THIA 2009 system for accurate direct runoff estimation in Doam-dam watershed. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting. Paper Number: 1000012.
Kim, J. J ., T. D. Kim, D. H. Choi, K. J. Lim, B. A. Engel, and J. H. Jeon, 2009. L-THIA modification and SCE-UA application for spatial analysis of nonpoint source pollution at Gumho River Basin. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 25(2): 311-321 (in Korean).
Lim, K. J., B. A. Engel, Y. Kim, B. Bhaduri, and J. Harbor, 1999. Development of the Long Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (LTHIA) WWW systems. Soil Conversion Organization Meeting, pp. 1018-1023.
Lim, K. J., B. A. Engel, Z. Tang, J. Choi, K. S. Kim, S. Muthukrishnan, and D. Tripathy, 2005. Automated Web GIS-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool, WHAT. Journal of the American Water Resource Association 41(6): 1407-1416. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03808.x.

상세보기
Pandey, S., R. Gunn, K. J. Lim, B. A. Engel, and J. Horbor, 2000. Developing a web-enabled tool to assess long-term hydrologic impacts of land-use change: information technology issues and a case study. Journal of the Urban and Regional Information System Association 12(4): 5-17.
Santhi, C., J. G. Arnold, J. R. Williams, W. A. Dugas, R. Srinivasan, and L. M. Hauck, 2001. Validation of the SWAT model on a large river basin with point and nonpoint sources. Journal of the American Water Resource Association 37(5): 1169-1188. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03630.x.

상세보기
Tang, Z., B. A. Engel, K. J. Lim, B. C. Pijanowski, and J. Harbor, 2005. Minimizing the impact of urbanization on long term runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41(6): 1347-1359. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03804.x.

상세보기
USDA, 1986. Urban hydrology for small watersheds, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

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