[논문]강풍 발생 시 국내 가로수의 취약성 분석

심 비리야붓; 정우영

doi:10.17663/jwr.2019.21.4.298

강풍 발생 시 국내 가로수의 취약성 분석
Wind Fragility for Urban Street Tree in Korea 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.21 no.4, 2019년, pp.298 - 304

심 비리야붓 (강릉원주대학교 토목공학과) , 정우영 (강릉원주대학교 토목공학과)

초록
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이 논문에서는 한국의 가로수에 대한 바람 취약성을 유도하는 분석 방법을 보여준다. 몬테 카를로 시뮬레이션 방법은 도시 가로수의 파괴 확률을 결정하는 데 사용되었다. 이 확률 결과는 대구 지역의 가로수를 기반으로 4 가지 유형에 대한 바람 취약성 매개 변수를 결정하는 데 사용되었으며, 이로 인해 풍하중에서 가로수 손상 확률에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인이 직경이라는 것을 나타낸다. 또한, 선택된 4 가지 유형 중에서 높이 7m, 직경 35cm의 가로수는 손상률이 제일 낮은 반면, 높이 8m, 직경 30cm의 가로수는 가장 낮은 풍하중에서 저항하였다. 높이 7m의 가로수의 평균 손상 풍속은 직경 30cm 및 35cm에 대해 각각 43.8m/s 및 50.6m/s로 나타났으며, 높이 8m의 가로수의 평균 손상 풍속은 직경 30cm 및 35cm에 대하여 각각 38.7m/s 및 45.4m/s로 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In this paper, the analytical method to derive wind fragility for urban street tree in Korea was shown. Monte Carlo Simulation method was used to determine the probability of failure for urban street tree. This probability result was used to determine wind fragility parameters for four types of tree based on the study of street tree species in urban area in Daegu, Korea. Wind fragility for street tree was presented in terms of median capacity and standard deviation of the natural logarithm of the capacity. Results showed that the dominant factor affecting the probability of failure of tree under wind load was their diameter. Moreover, amongst the four types of tree chosen, the tree with height 7m and diameter 35cm had the lowest probability of failure under wind loading, whereas the tree with height 8m and diameter 30cm could resist the least wind loading. The median failure wind speed for urban street tree with height 7m were 43.8m/s and 50.6m/s for diameter 30cm and 35cm, respectively. Also, for tree with height 8m, their median failure wind speeds were 38.7m/s and 45.4m/s for tree with diameter 30cm and 35cm, respectively.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

그림 Fig. 1. Disruption and damage due to fallen trees during typhoon (image from Korean local news website)
그림 Fig. 2. Simple model represents each tree by a cylindrical stem and a cylindrical crown (image from http://formind.org/model/what-are-the-main-processes-of-formind/ growth/)
표 Table 1. Parameters of common urban street trees in Daegu, Korea (Yoon et al., 2013)
표 Table 2. Summary of statistical wind load parameters
그림 Fig. 3. Urban tree wind fragility development procedure
그림 Fig. 4. Wind fragility for urban street tree in exposure category B
그림 Fig. 5. Wind fragility for tree with height 8m and diameter 30cm in different wind exposure category
그림 Fig. 6. Wind fragility for all cases of tree characteristics
표 Table 3. Wind fragility parameters of all cases of tree characteristics

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문제 정의

Analytical wind fragility development concept for tree was presented in this paper. MCS method was used to generate a large number of random wind load applied to four types of tree differentiated by their height and diameter at breast height.

제안 방법

Although the proposed equation did not account for all species of tree found in urban area, it gave a better estimation of tree’s resistance capacity in Korea. Even though the determination of wind fragility in this paper significantly depended on the estimation of tree resistance capacity proposed by other researchers, the probabilistic concept and method in this study can be flexibly updated or replaced with better experimental results for tree resistance capacity accounted for tree species found in the focused area.
In this study a simple model was used to present each tree. In Fig.
Therefore, to contribute to this research interest, the performance of common street tree under strong wind was presented in statistical viewpoint. In this study, wind fragility development method for typical street tree was presented to demonstrate the notion of using probabilistic approach to assess the safety of urban street tree. This notion no longer thinks of each variable as a single value or number.

이론/모형

Therefore, #(LS/ V=v) is the sum of tree reaching a limit state (LS) when wind speed equals v, and N is the number of simulations. LS in this study was the failure of tree, determined according to the comparison of critical breaking moment of tree in Korea proposed by Im et al. (2011) in equation (1) and probabilistic wind load generated based on equation (2).
Normal distribution function was used to model these wind load parameters. The two parameters present the normal distribution were determined by Ellingwood and Tekie (1999) through Delphi questionnaire. By combining the two parameters with nominal wind load parameters in ASCE-7 (2010), the statistical wind load parameters used in this study were derived and presented in Table 2.
The characteristics of tree selected in this paper were based on the typical tree found in urban area in Korea. Their resistance capacities were determined by the equation proposed based on the field tree pulling-test experiment. Although the proposed equation did not account for all species of tree found in urban area, it gave a better estimation of tree’s resistance capacity in Korea.

성능/효과

The results of these parameters can be used to integrate with a larger database of probabilistic risk assessment to help improving the disaster manage decision making. Results found in this paper showed that among the four types of tree chosen, the tree with height 8m and diameter 30cm had the highest probability of failure. The median failure capacity of this tree in the urban area, i.
These wind speeds were classified as “severe tropical storm”. This result showed that the urban tree, with the characteristics considered in this paper, had an expected probability of failure equal to 50% during the typhoon event. However, if the location of the tree was in a more exposed area, i.

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