[논문]Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Tomato Plants Varied with Different Solvent Extracts

Kim, Dong Sub; Kwack, Yurina; Lee, Jung Heon; Chun, Changhoo

doi:10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2018.0132

Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Tomato Plants Varied with Different Solvent Extracts 원문보기

The plant pathology journal, v.35 no.2, 2019년, pp.149 - 155

Kim, Dong Sub (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University) , Kwack, Yurina (Division of EcoDivision of Eco-friendly Horticulture, Yonam College) , Lee, Jung Heon (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University) , Chun, Changhoo (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

주제어

표/그림 (6)

표 Table 1. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of extracts from tomato plants with various solvents against six pathogenic microorganisms
그림 Fig. 1. Inhibitory effect of acetonic extract from tomato leaves on mycelial growth of six microorganisms. (A) Colletotrichum coccodes; (B) Fusarium oxysporum; (C) Glomerella cingulata; (D) Rhizoctonia solani, (E) Phytophthora cactorum; (F) P. capsici. Vertical bars represent standard errors of the means.
그림 Fig. 2. Bioautogram of acetonic extracts from leaves (L), immature green fruits (G), and red fruits (R) of tomato plants. White areas indicate inhibition of microbial growth. (A) Colletotrichum coccodes; (B) Fusarium oxysporum; (C) Glomerella cingulata; (D) Rhizoctonia solani; (E) Phytophthora cactorum; (F) P. capsici.
그림 Fig. 3. GC-MS chromatogram of preparative TLC-isolated compounds in acetonic extract from tomato leaves.
그림 Fig. 4. Linolenic and caffeic acids visualized on TLC using phosphomolybdic acid and anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid.
그림 Fig. 5. Inhibitory effect of linolenic (A) and caffeic acids (B) on mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani. Vertical bars represent standard errors of the means.

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문제 정의

The goal of this research is to identify antimicrobial activity of the extracts from tomato plant including non-edible parts and find out the antimicrobial compounds as scientific evidence for the effectiveness of the extracts.

대상 데이터

Separation was carried out for 40 min under the following conditions: from 0 to 25 min, 90% (A) and 10% (B); from 25 to 30 min, 40% (A) and 60% (B); from 30 to 35 min, 100% (B); from 35 to 40 min, 90% (A) and 10% (B). The eluted components were monitored using a UV/Vis detector at 280 and 340 nm. The standard chemicals of caffeic and linolenic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The TLC plates were loaded with 100 μg of each of the extracts in a line 10 mm wide. The prepared plates were developed using eluent that consisted of toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol:formic acid (6:4:2:1, v/v/v/ v). The developed plates were sprayed with a concentrated suspension containing 1.
sp. lycopersici (KACC 40043), and Phytophthora capsici (KACC 40177)) and those pathogenic to strawberry plants (Glomerella cingulata (KACC 40300), Phytophthora cactorum (KACC 40183), and Rhizoctonia solani (KACC 40115)) were provided by the Genebank Information Center, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea. All microbial strains were maintained on potato dextrose (PD) agar in a chamber maintained at 25℃ until antimicrobial and phytochemical analyses were performed.

이론/모형

Bioautography using thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed through the method of Mahlo et al. (2010). The TLC plates were loaded with 100 μg of each of the extracts in a line 10 mm wide.
The extraction was performed according to the method of Mahlo et al. (2010). Finely ground materials of the leaves, stems, and fruits (4 g) were extracted with 40 ml of hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, or methanol in polyester plastic tubes with strong shaking on a shaker for 5 min.

성능/효과

Among these three fungi, mycelial growth of R. solani was most strongly inhibited by the acetonic extract of tomato leaves, and this fungus provided the extract’s lowest MIC value: with 0.31 mg/ml of extract, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment (Fig. 1).
The acetonic extracts of tomato leaves possessed 1-2 antimicrobial compounds for all of the microbial species used in this study, while the extracts of red fruits contained only one compound for Colletotrichum coccodes and Fusarium oxysporum, R. solani, the microorganism most susceptible to the acetonic extracts from tomato leaves, showed two inhibition zones.

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