Song, Ye Ji
(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
,
Yu, Hwan Hee
(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
,
Kim, Yeon Jin
(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
,
Lee, Na-Kyoung
(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
,
Paik, Hyun-Dong
(Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm effect of GSE. In this study, the anti-biofilm effect of GSE was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus aure...
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm effect of GSE. In this study, the anti-biofilm effect of GSE was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The GSE minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus and E. coli were $25{\mu}g/ml$ and $250{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate biofilm inhibition and degradation effect, crystal violet assay and stainless steel were used. Biofilm formation rates of four strains (S. aureus 7, S. aureus 8, E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. coli O157:H4 FRIK 125) were 55.8%, 70.2%, 55.4%, and 20.6% at $1/2{\times}MIC$ of GSE, respectively. The degradation effect of GSE on biofilms attached to stainless steel coupons was observed (${\geq}1$ log CFU/coupon) after exposure to concentrations above the MIC for all strains and $1/2{\times}MIC$ for S. aureus 7. In addition, the specific mechanisms of this anti-biofilm effect were investigated by evaluating hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production rate, and motility. Significant changes in EPS production rate and motility were observed in both S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of GSE, while changes in hydrophobicity were observed only in E. coli. No relationship was seen between auto-aggregation and biofilm formation. Therefore, our results suggest that GSE might be used as an anti-biofilm agent that is effective against S. aureus and E. coli.
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is a safe and effective preservative that is used widely in the food industry. However, there are few studies addressing the anti-biofilm effect of GSE. In this study, the anti-biofilm effect of GSE was investigated against biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The GSE minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus and E. coli were $25{\mu}g/ml$ and $250{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate biofilm inhibition and degradation effect, crystal violet assay and stainless steel were used. Biofilm formation rates of four strains (S. aureus 7, S. aureus 8, E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. coli O157:H4 FRIK 125) were 55.8%, 70.2%, 55.4%, and 20.6% at $1/2{\times}MIC$ of GSE, respectively. The degradation effect of GSE on biofilms attached to stainless steel coupons was observed (${\geq}1$ log CFU/coupon) after exposure to concentrations above the MIC for all strains and $1/2{\times}MIC$ for S. aureus 7. In addition, the specific mechanisms of this anti-biofilm effect were investigated by evaluating hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production rate, and motility. Significant changes in EPS production rate and motility were observed in both S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of GSE, while changes in hydrophobicity were observed only in E. coli. No relationship was seen between auto-aggregation and biofilm formation. Therefore, our results suggest that GSE might be used as an anti-biofilm agent that is effective against S. aureus and E. coli.
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문제 정의
However, there have been no specific reports on the effect of GSE on biofilms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of GSE on two food poisoning pathogens (S. aureus and E. coli) to determine if it may be effective for biofilm removal in the food industry.
제안 방법
In this study, we chose to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of grapefruit seed extract (GSE), as it is already known to be a safe and effective preservative. Previous studies have demonstrated that GSE has an antimicrobial effect on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts [19-21].
S. aureus 7, S. aureus 8, E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. coli O157:H4 FRIK 125, were used in this study through biofilm-forming screening. S.
5% glutaraldehyde for 1 h at 4°C. The fixed samples were washed three times with PBS and dehydrated in 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% ethanol (15 min each), then the ethanol was replaced with isoamyl acetate and the samples were freeze-dried. Stainless steel samples were sputter coated with gold (15 mV for 1.
대상 데이터
aureus strains isolated from bovine were supplied by Seoul National University (Korea). E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli O157:H4 FRIK 125 were supplied from Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM; Korea) and IOWA State University, respectively. These strains were cultured in the Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB; Difco Laboratories, USA) for 24 h at 37°C and stocked at -80°C with 20% glycerol.
데이터처리
The results are stated as the mean ± standard deviation. Significant differences among the means were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
성능/효과
In this study, the GSE-treated group had significantly reduced motility compared to the control (p < 0.01).
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