[논문]백팩 착용 유무 및 형태에 따른 건강한 성인의 몸통과 하지의 근 활성도 비교분석의 융합연구

김경훈; 장상훈

doi:10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.11.225

백팩 착용 유무 및 형태에 따른 건강한 성인의 몸통과 하지의 근 활성도 비교분석의 융합연구
Convergence of Comparison of Muscle Activities of Healthy Adults' trunk and Lower Extremities according to wearing/not-wearing and forms of backpack 원문보기

한국융합학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, v.10 no.11, 2019년, pp.225 - 232

초록
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본 연구의 목적은 건강한 대학생을 대상으로 백팩 착용 유무 및 형태에 따른 몸통 하지 근 활성도 변인들의 차이점을 규명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 26명의 건강한 성인이 연구에 참여하였다. 백팩의 무게 10%로 부하된 상태에서, 백팩을 착용하지 않은 상태, 일반적인 백팩을 착용한 상태, 모멘트 팔을 감소시키도록 고안된 백팩을 착용한 상태에서 몸통과 하지의 근활성도를 측정하였다. 배빗근육, 넙다리네갈래근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근의 근 활성도 분석을 위해 무선근전도 시스템을 사용하였다. 모멘트 팔을 감소시키도록 고안된 백팩을 착용한 상태에서 배빗근육, 넙다리네갈래근 그리고 장딴지근의 보행 구간에서 RVC에 변화가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러므로, 백팩을 주로 사용하는 성인들에게 가방끈 조절을 적용하는 방법은 몸통과 다리근육의 활성에 긍정적인 측면을 제공한다는 것을 나타내며, 추후 가방의 디자인과 착용방법에 대한 지속적인 가방융합개발이 필요할 것이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study aims to compare muscle activities of trunk and lower extremities according to wearing/not-wearing and forms of backpack. Twenti-six healthy adults were participated in the study. In the backpack with 10% body weight, trunk and lower extremities were measured during carrying the no backpack state(NBs), general backpack state(GBs), a decrease moment arm backpack state(DMBs). The muscle activity in a fore muscles(Obilique, Quadriceps, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius) were analyzed with using wireless electromyogram measuring system. DMBs showed significant improvemet in obilique, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle RVC.

주제어

표/그림 (5)

표 Table 1. General characteristics of subject (n=26)
표 Table 2. Changes in oblique muscle
표 Table 3. Changes in quadriceps muscle
표 Table 4. Change in Tibialis anterior
표 Table 5. Change in gastrocnemius

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문제 정의

This study conducted an analysis to examine muscle activities of trunk and lower extremities according to wearing and forms of backpack. The results of this study are following.
In addition, stability and muscle activation of trunk and lower extremities muscle are important to prevent musculoskeletal system disorders caused by wearing backpack. Thus, this study aims to compare muscle activities of trunk and lower extremities according to wearing/not-wearing and forms of backpack.

가설 설정

Analyzing muscle activity processed raw data to frequency bandwidth of 20-500 Hz[20-22]. For muscle, muscle activities of 1) abdominal oblique externus, 2) rectus femoris, 3) tibialis anterior, 4) gastrocnemius medial side were measured. It recorded means of root mean square, RVC) · symmetric index(SI) of each muscle in stance phase, and means·symmetric index in swing phase.
The hypothesis of this study is that there will be a difference in muscle activities of trunk and lower extremities according to wearing/not-wearing and forms of backpack.

제안 방법

This study has some limitations. Firstly, the number of participants are small, and it could not check the longevity of the effects since it did not conduct a tracer study. Secondly, it is necessary to see changes in dynamic conditions according to weights and types of backpack.
Test of normality was carried by Shapiro-Wilk. For muscle activities according to wearing and not wearing of backpack, and different forms, it used a repeated measure ANOVA, and used a LSD for post-hoc test. The statistical significance level of all data was set under .
In order to examine an increase in healthy person’s muscle activity of trunk and lower extremities, this study applied wearing and not wearing of backpack, and different forms of backpacks.
In the backpack with 10% body weight, trunk and lower extremities were measured during carrying the no backpack state(NBs), general backpack state(GBs), a decrease moment arm backpack state(DMBs). This study measured muscle activity of oblique muscle for trunk muscle and quadriceps, Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius for lower extremities when wearing or not wearing backpack. Using means of RVC which stands for trunk and lower extremities muscles and symmetric index shown in a stance phase and a swing phase, it conducted a comparative analysis by utilizing the means of same variables resulted from three trials.
This study used a wireless electromyogram measuring system(BTS FREEEMG 300, BTS Bioengineering, Italy) to measure muscle activity. This system stimulates peripheral nerves and detects bioelectrical signals or electric activities induced from nerves.
However, if methods of carrying bags are not proper, it can cause damage to muscle and bones due to disarrayed body condition, resulting in muscular imbalance. Thus, this study conducted an experiment to solve musculoskeletal system problems in back and legs and to suggest a proper backpack wearing forms[18,25,26]. While previous studies were centered to forms and weights of backpack due to changes in a way of life, this study additionally adjusted lengths of shoulder straps to change a center of gravity in body, making curves in waist to check electromyograms of trunk and legs.
It also recorded common characteristics of the subjects before the experiment. Using a single blind method, this study conducted an experiment without explaining treatments, purposes, effects to participants.
This study measured muscle activity of oblique muscle for trunk muscle and quadriceps, Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius for lower extremities when wearing or not wearing backpack. Using means of RVC which stands for trunk and lower extremities muscles and symmetric index shown in a stance phase and a swing phase, it conducted a comparative analysis by utilizing the means of same variables resulted from three trials. It also recorded common characteristics of the subjects before the experiment.
Thus, this study conducted an experiment to solve musculoskeletal system problems in back and legs and to suggest a proper backpack wearing forms[18,25,26]. While previous studies were centered to forms and weights of backpack due to changes in a way of life, this study additionally adjusted lengths of shoulder straps to change a center of gravity in body, making curves in waist to check electromyograms of trunk and legs.

대상 데이터

The backpack used in this study is 30cm width, 15cm length, and 45cm height. Straps are attached on the upper and each side of the backpack.
This study conducted an experiment on 26 healthy students of K university located in Gimcheon. The qualifications of subjects are following: 1) one aged from 18 to 28 (20 to 30 in Korean ages), 2) one who has never experienced neurologic and musculoskeletal system disorders or surgeries, 3) one who has no loss in knee and ankle joints and podiatric disorders, 4) one who has no difficulties in walking, and 5) Informed consent was voluntarily obtained from all patients before participating in the study.
Twenty-six healthy adults were participated in the study. In the backpack with 10% body weight, trunk and lower extremities were measured during carrying the no backpack state(NBs), general backpack state(GBs), a decrease moment arm backpack state(DMBs).

성능/효과

Comparison of RVC and symmetric index of gastrocnemius muscle depending on the three types of wearing backpacks while walking is shown in Table 5. DMBs and GBs showed a significance level more than NBs in gastrocnemius muscle RVC change in a stance phase and DMBs and GBs also showed a significance level more than NBs in gastrocnemius muscle RVC change in a swing phase.
In this study, DMBs showed a statistical significance level more than NBs and GBs in oblique muscle RVC change in a stance phase and in quadriceps muscle electromyogram RVC change in a swing phase. This result is same as the study of Al-Khabbaz et al (2008) on 19 male university students which showed an incremental activities of muscle rectus abdominis according to increasing backpack’s weight by analyzing muscle activities when they wore backpacks of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% weight of their body weight.

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