[논문]홍대용이 제작한 천문시계 통천의의 기계동력시스템

민병희; 윤용현; 김상혁; 기호철

doi:10.5303/pkas.2020.35.3.043

홍대용이 제작한 천문시계 통천의의 기계동력시스템
MECHANICAL POWER SYSTEM OF TONGCHEON-UI, AN ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK MADE BY HONG, DAE-YONG 원문보기

천문학논총 = Publications of the Korean Astronomical Society, v.35 no.3, 2020년, pp.43 - 57

민병희 (한국천문연구원) , 윤용현 (국립중앙과학관) , 김상혁 (한국천문연구원) , 기호철 (고대문화재연구소)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Hong, Dae-Yong manufactured the Tongcheon-ui (Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere) with cooperating clock researcher Na, Kyeong-Jeok, and its craftsman An, Cheo-In, in Naju of Jeolla Province in 1760 ~ 1762. Tongcheon-ui is a kind of astronomical clock with an armillary sphere which is rotated by the force generated by a lantern clock's weight. In our study, we examine the lantern clock model of Tongcheon-ui through its description of the articles written by Hong himself. As his description, however, did not explain the detail of the mechanical process of the lantern clock, we investigate the remains of lantern clocks in the possession of Korea University Museum and Seoul National University Museum. Comparing with the clocks of these museums, we designed the lantern clock model of Tongcheon-ui which measures 115 mm (L) × 115 mm (W) × 307 mm (H). This model has used the structure of the striking train imitated from the Korea University Museum artifact and is also regulated by a foliot escapement which is connected to a going train for timekeeping. The orientation of the rotation of the going train and the striking train of our model makes a difference with the remains of both university museums. That is, on the rotation axis of the first gear set of Tongcheon-ui's lantern clock, the going and the striking trains take on a counterclockwise and clockwise direction, respectively. The weight of 6.4 kg makes a force driving these two trains to stick to the pulley on the twine pulling across two spike gears corresponding to the going train and the striking train. This weight below the pulley may travel down about 560 mm per day. We conclude that the mechanical system of Tongcheon-ui's lantern clock is slightly different from the Japanese style.

주제어

표/그림 (10)

그림 Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of Tongcheon-Ui (統天儀, Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere). The configuration consists of an armillary sphere, a brass case, a wood box and a worktable.
표 Table 1. Characteristics and specifications of lantern clocks in Korea
그림 Figure 2. The gear trains of the lantern clock at Korea University Museum on the (a) right side and the (b) left side.
표 Table 2. Revolutions per day of gear axes mounted by the lantern clock in the possession of Korea University Museum
그림 Figure 3. The gear trains of the lantern clock at Seoul National University Museum on the (a) right side and the (b) left side. B4: Lifting pins K1: Arbor carrying lifting lever L1: Arbor carrying lifting lever H3: Arbor carrying the hammer and locking lever
표 Table 3. Specification of the two gear trains of the lantern clock in the possession of Korea University Museum
표 Table 4. The going train of the lantern clock which is a part of the Tongcheon-ui (Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere).
그림 Figure 4. Going train: explanatory drawing. A1: Main arbor D1: Fourth arbor A2: 3-armed 80-toothed wheel D2: 6-leaf pinion A3: Chain wheel D3: 15-toothed escapement wheel A4: Ratchet wheel (+Pawls) D4: Bracket supporting fourth arbor B1: Second arbor V1: Verge B2: 8-leaf pinion V2: Foliot B3: 60-toothed wheel V3: Regulating weight B4: Lifting pins each quarter V4: Pallets C1: Third arbor V5: Contrate wheel C2: 6-leaf pinion L1: Arbor carrying lifting C3: 54-toothed wheel lever and locking lever C4: Bracket supporting third L2: Lifting lever arbor & verge L3: Locking lever W2: Bracket supporting bell W3: Verge bearing
그림 Figure 5. Striking train: explanatory drawing. α1: Min arbor ε1: Fifth arbor α2: 3-armed 48-toothed wheel ε2: 9-leaf pinion α3: Chain wheel ε3: Fly α4: Ratchet wheel (+Pawls) H1: Hammer β1: Second arbor H2: Hammer shank β2: 14-leaf pinion H3: Arbor carrying β3: 48-toothed striking wheel the hammer β4: 6 striking pins H4: Draw-back lever γ1: Third arbor J1: Leaf spring γ2: 8-leaf pinion K1: Arbor carrying lifting lever γ3: 60-toothed wheel K2: Lifting lever γ4: Locking hoop K3: Pulling lever δ1: Fourth arbor M1: Stopper δ2: 8-leaf pinion δ3: 54-toothed wheel
그림 Figure 6. (a) The dial on the front consists of two parts; One is for 1 hour, the other is for 12 double-hour, (b) The general drawing of Tongcheon-ui. A reserved space of 650 mm is reserved for the weight to move up and down.

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