[논문]Ingestion of Gouda Cheese Ameliorates the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice

Yun, Bohyun; Yoo, Ja Yeon; Park, Mi Ri; Ryu, Sangdon; Lee, Woong Ji; Choi, Hye Jin; Kang, Min Kyoung; Kim, Younghoon; Oh, Sangnam

doi:10.5851/kosfa.2019.e81

Ingestion of Gouda Cheese Ameliorates the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice 원문보기

Food science of animal resources, v.40 no.1, 2020년, pp.145 - 153

Yun, Bohyun (Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University) , Yoo, Ja Yeon (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) , Park, Mi Ri (Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University) , Ryu, Sangdon (Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University) , Lee, Woong Ji (Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University) , Choi, Hye Jin (Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University) , Kang, Min Kyoung (Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University) , Kim, Younghoon (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) , Oh, Sangnam (Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Depression is a kind of mood disorder characterized by decline in motivation, interest, attention, mental activity, and appetite. Although depression is caused by a variety of causes, including genetic, endocrine and environmental stress, mild depression has been reported to improve with diet. Therefore, various type of food sources including functional and nutritional supplement are required to treat the depressive patients. Cheese contains bioactive peptides that have beneficial effects on host health. In particular, Jersey milk has been reported to contain higher solids than does Holstein milk. This study investigated the effects of Gouda cheese from Jersey and Holstein milk on chronic, unpredictable, mildly stressed (CUMS) mice. Here, spontaneous alterations in cheese-fed stressed mice were noted to be effectively recovered with statistical significance regardless cow species. Interestingly, for the analysis of fecal microbiota, Bacteroidetes were noted to increase with a reduction in Firmicutes at the phylum level with Jersey cheese. Taken together, we suggest that cheese intake provided a beneficial effect on stressed mice in recovering recognition ability. In particular, changes in internal microbiota were observed, suggesting that the bioactive ingredients in cheese act as improvement agents with respect to mood and brain function.

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문제 정의

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the cheese obtained from Jersey or Holstein milk has the stress-reducing effect in terms of behavior and gut microbiota in chronic, unpredictable, mildly stressed (CUMS) mice.

제안 방법

Melting-curve analysis was performed thereafter, and the CT (cycle threshold) values and baseline settings were determined by automatic analysis settings. All the fecal samples were analyzed with quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, and the CT values were used to calculate the proportion of higher bacterial taxa in the feces. The calculation(s) was performed in accordance with a previously described method (Yang et al.
The mice body weight was measured weekly. Following 6 weeks of CUMS, all the groups were subjected to a series of behavioral tests. Only one behavior test was conducted daily in the following order: sucrose preference test (SPT), Y-maze test (YMT), and forced swim test (FST).
(2019) have reported that mice receiving the fecal microbiota of depression-induced mice, exhibited similar behavior against depression. For testing an assumption that the effect of cheese on spatial cognition and weight loss are associated with gut microbiota rebalancing, fecal microbiota community diversity was analyzed. Fecal samples from CUMS model mice and other mice groups were collected, and the relative abundance of bacteria was calculated from the CT values.
The mice (C57BL/6N), aged 4 weeks; were housed in a standard animal laboratory with a 12-h light-dark cycle, and fed on a standard diet during adaptation for 4 weeks. In the first set of experiments, 16 mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group (not subjected to any stress; NC; n=4), a depression-model group (subjected to CUMS procedure; CUMS; n=4), a group fed on Jersey cheese following CUMS procedure subjection (CUMS-JC; n=4), and a group fed on Holstein cheese following subjection to CUMS procedure (CUMS-HC; n=4). Mice were given a synthetic pellet LabDiet containing 14% fat, 21% protein and 65% carbohydrate (5L79; OrientBio, Inc.
Change(s) in the gut microbial population by cheese intake in CUMS mice. The mice fecal samples were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, and the cycle threshold (CT) values were used to calculate the proportion of higher bacterial taxa. Communities’ characterization is also displayed in the pie chart.
To investigate whether Gouda cheese from Jersey milk could act as a stress-relief food, a CUMS model was introduced in this study, as displayed by a schematic diagram (Fig. 1A). The body weights of the CUMS, CUMS+JC and CUMS+HC groups were significantly less than the NC group (p<0.

대상 데이터

All animal care procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Chonbuk National University, Korea; prior to experiment initiation (2015-05). The mice (C57BL/6N), aged 4 weeks; were housed in a standard animal laboratory with a 12-h light-dark cycle, and fed on a standard diet during adaptation for 4 weeks. In the first set of experiments, 16 mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group (not subjected to any stress; NC; n=4), a depression-model group (subjected to CUMS procedure; CUMS; n=4), a group fed on Jersey cheese following CUMS procedure subjection (CUMS-JC; n=4), and a group fed on Holstein cheese following subjection to CUMS procedure (CUMS-HC; n=4).

데이터처리

The values are expressed as mean±SE of the mean (SEM). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was set at p<0.

성능/효과

As a result, Jersey cheese intake completely changed the microbial community composition of the CUMS+JC group, as compared to other groups. In conclusion, cheese intake altered the microbial community and improved the recognition (impaired by CUMS) in mice model. In particular, present study suggested that Jersey cheese played a beneficial role such as a stress reducing food, and provided the functional ingredients.

후속연구

In particular, present study suggested that Jersey cheese played a beneficial role such as a stress reducing food, and provided the functional ingredients. However, further studies on fermentation and the useful components of Jersey cheese will be required for developing an improved functional cheese.

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