Skalny, Anatoly V.
(Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University)
,
Mazaletskaya, Anna L.
(Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University)
,
Ajsuvakova, Olga P.
(Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University)
,
Bjorklund, Geir
(Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine)
,
Skalnaya, Margarita G.
(Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University)
,
Chernova, Lyubov N.
(Department of Medical Elementology, RUDN University)
,
Skalny, Andrey A.
(Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University)
,
Tinkov, Alexey A.
(Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University)
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary magnesium (Mg) levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and both ASD and ADHD to reveal potential interactive effects. Methods: A total of 148 boys aged 4-9 y...
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary magnesium (Mg) levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and both ASD and ADHD to reveal potential interactive effects. Methods: A total of 148 boys aged 4-9 years old were enrolled in this study, including 44 children with ADHD, 40 pediatric patients with ASD, 32 patients with both ADHD and ASD, as well as 32 healthy neurotypical children. Hair, serum, and urinary Mg levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory quality control was performed using certified reference materials of human hair, plasma, and urine. Results: No significant group difference in serum Mg levels was observed. Mg content in hair was found to be reduced in children with ADHD and ADHD+ASD compared to that in healthy controls by 11% and 15%, respectively. Urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD+ASD exceeded the control, ADHD, and ASD values by 51, 76, and 65%, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed significant contribution of ADHD to hair and urinary Mg levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hair and urinary Mg levels were considered as significant predictors of neurodevelopmental disorder complexity. Conclusion: We propose that impaired Mg status may provide a link between ADHD and ASD.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary magnesium (Mg) levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and both ASD and ADHD to reveal potential interactive effects. Methods: A total of 148 boys aged 4-9 years old were enrolled in this study, including 44 children with ADHD, 40 pediatric patients with ASD, 32 patients with both ADHD and ASD, as well as 32 healthy neurotypical children. Hair, serum, and urinary Mg levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory quality control was performed using certified reference materials of human hair, plasma, and urine. Results: No significant group difference in serum Mg levels was observed. Mg content in hair was found to be reduced in children with ADHD and ADHD+ASD compared to that in healthy controls by 11% and 15%, respectively. Urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD+ASD exceeded the control, ADHD, and ASD values by 51, 76, and 65%, respectively. Factorial analysis revealed significant contribution of ADHD to hair and urinary Mg levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that hair and urinary Mg levels were considered as significant predictors of neurodevelopmental disorder complexity. Conclusion: We propose that impaired Mg status may provide a link between ADHD and ASD.
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문제 정의
In view of ADHD and ASD comorbidity, as well as the role of Mg in both ADHD and ASD, it is hypothesized that impaired Mg status may provide a link between these neurodevelopmental disorders, explaining the occurrence of hyperactivity in ASD. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD, ASD, and both ADHD and ASD.
This study provides unique data on comparative analysis of Mg status in children with ADHD and/or ASD. Generally, the revealed associations between hair (inverse) and urinary (direct) Mg levels and neurodevelopmental disorders may be indicative of increased Mg excretion in children with ADHD and ASD, ultimately leading to a reduced Mg burden in the body.
가설 설정
In view of ADHD and ASD comorbidity, as well as the role of Mg in both ADHD and ASD, it is hypothesized that impaired Mg status may provide a link between these neurodevelopmental disorders, explaining the occurrence of hyperactivity in ASD. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess serum, hair, and urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD, ASD, and both ADHD and ASD.
제안 방법
The initial values were log-transformed for further processing with repeated distribution analysis. Group comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and anthropometric parameters (weight, height, BMI) with subsequent Bonferroni correction for multiple testing for the group mean comparisons of log-transformed serum and hair Mg levels. As the log-transformed data on urinary Mg levels did not reach log-normal distribution, group comparison was performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with adjustment for multiple comparisons.
Hair, serum, and urinary Mg levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at NexION 300D (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., Omaha, NE, USA).
대상 데이터
A total of 148 boys aged 4–9 years old were enrolled in the present study including 44 children with ADHD, 40 pediatric patients with ASD, 32 patients with both ADHD and ASD, as well as 32 healthy neurotypical children.
데이터처리
Group comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and anthropometric parameters (weight, height, BMI) with subsequent Bonferroni correction for multiple testing for the group mean comparisons of log-transformed serum and hair Mg levels. As the log-transformed data on urinary Mg levels did not reach log-normal distribution, group comparison was performed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Factorial analysis was performed using two-way ANCOVA using log-transformed data.
이론/모형
0 software (StatSoft, Tulsa, OK, USA). Distribution normality was assessed using Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Data on hair, serum, and urine Mg levels were expressed as median and the respective interquartile range (IQR) due to skewed distribution.
성능/효과
The obtained data demonstrate that children with both ASD and ADHD are characterized by more pronounced alterations in hair and urinary Mg levels compared to healthy control children. An impaired Mg status may predispose children to more complex neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD and ASD comorbidity.
It is notable that no significant group difference in hair Mg content was observed between children with ADHD or ASD. Urinary Mg levels in children with ADHD+ASD exceeded the control, ADHD, and ASD values by 51, 76, and 65%, respectively.
후속연구
An impaired Mg status may predispose children to more complex neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD and ASD comorbidity. However, further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms linking impaired Mg metabolism and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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