Joch, Miroslav
(Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences)
,
Kudrna, Vaclav
(Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science)
Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows. Methods: Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Cz...
Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows. Methods: Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation received three diets (treatments) in a 3×3 Latin square design with a 28-d period. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (control total mixed ration with SBM, no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a dry matter basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS). Results: Feed intake by the cows was not affected (p = 0.331) by the diets. Milk production decreased with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet. Cows fed WLS50 yielded approximately 1 kg/d (p<0.001) less milk than cows fed the CON diet. The proportions of milk fat (p = 0.640), protein (p = 0.507), and lactose (p = 0.709) were not altered by the diet. For milk fat, feeding with WLS50 reduced the proportion of total saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and increased the proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001), mainly through oleic acid (p<0.001). No differences were found in feed efficiency, body weight, and blood plasma metabolites between groups. Rumen ammonia-N levels tended (p = 0.087) to increase with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet, whereas no effect of diet on rumen pH was found (p = 0.558). Conclusion: We did not identify the safe range within which raw WLS can efficiently replace SBM in the diet of high-producing dairy cows. In contrast, even partial replacement of SBM by WLS favorably changed the milk fatty acid profile.
Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows. Methods: Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation received three diets (treatments) in a 3×3 Latin square design with a 28-d period. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (control total mixed ration with SBM, no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a dry matter basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS). Results: Feed intake by the cows was not affected (p = 0.331) by the diets. Milk production decreased with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet. Cows fed WLS50 yielded approximately 1 kg/d (p<0.001) less milk than cows fed the CON diet. The proportions of milk fat (p = 0.640), protein (p = 0.507), and lactose (p = 0.709) were not altered by the diet. For milk fat, feeding with WLS50 reduced the proportion of total saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and increased the proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001), mainly through oleic acid (p<0.001). No differences were found in feed efficiency, body weight, and blood plasma metabolites between groups. Rumen ammonia-N levels tended (p = 0.087) to increase with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet, whereas no effect of diet on rumen pH was found (p = 0.558). Conclusion: We did not identify the safe range within which raw WLS can efficiently replace SBM in the diet of high-producing dairy cows. In contrast, even partial replacement of SBM by WLS favorably changed the milk fatty acid profile.
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가설 설정
Consequently, we hypothesized that, in high-yielding dairy cows, a diet supplemented with ruminally protected methionine SBM could be partially replaced by WLS without negative effects on cow performance.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of partial replacement (on a dry matter [DM] basis) of SBM by raw WLS on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency, and rumen fermentation in high-yielding dairy cows. We hypothesized, that under practical conditions, SBM could be partially replaced by WLS without impairing production parameters, provided that feed is supplemented with ruminally protected methionine.
제안 방법
Each period lasted 28 d, with 21 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of sample collection. Cows were stratified according to breed, pretreatment milk yield, and DIM into 10 blocks (squares) of three: one cow from each block was randomly assigned to one of three treatments (diets). Diets were offered as a total mixed ration (TMR) to avoid selection of dietary components and to maintain the desired forage to concentrate ratio (approximately 67:33 on a DM basis).
The TMR was offered ad libitum. Fresh TMR was prepared and delivered to the barn twice a day at approximately 04:00 and 16:00, and feeding troughs were refilled with a shovel five times per day.
The SBM was partially replaced by coarsely ground (to pass through a 4 mm screen) WLS in the concentrate mixture, as follows: control (CON; concentrate mixture containing 20% SBM on a DM basis and no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a DM basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS) (Table 1).
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of partial replacement (on a dry matter [DM] basis) of SBM by raw WLS on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency, and rumen fermentation in high-yielding dairy cows. We hypothesized, that under practical conditions, SBM could be partially replaced by WLS without impairing production parameters, provided that feed is supplemented with ruminally protected methionine.
The cows were housed in a free-stall barn with free access to water and were milked twice a day at 05:30 and 16:30. The TMR was offered ad libitum.
The experiment was designed and performed according to European and Czech laws. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Animal Science in Prague.
Thirty multiparous (parity 3±1; mean±standard deviation) cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation (83±25 d in milk; DIM), with an average body weight of 592±76 kg and average milk yield of 42±7 kg/d were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with three treatments and three experimental periods.
대상 데이터
The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Animal Science in Prague. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm (Netluky, Prague) of the Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic.
데이터처리
When a significant effect of treatment was detected, a Tukey adjustment was used to control for multiple comparisons at a probability level of p<0.05.
이론/모형
Body weight was measured twice a day after milking throughout the experiment using an electronic livestock scale (AfiWeigh scale, Afimilk Ltd, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel).
Data were analyzed as a replicated 3×3 Latin square design using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS enterprise guide version 6.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
The lower CP content in the WLS diets was intentional and in accordance with the current trend of reducing CP in the diet of dairy cows to increase N use efficiency and reduce N pollution [23]. The CP in the diets decreased as the proportion of WLS increased (Table 1) because WLS contained only 59.2% of the CP content found in SBM (Table 2). However, the difference in CP content between diets was up to 0.
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