Park, Byoungho
(National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
,
Choi, Tae Jeong
(National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
,
Park, Mi Na
(National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
,
Oh, Sang-Hyon
(Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore)
Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters f...
Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement. Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs. Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo's. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo. Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.
Objective: The purpose of this study was i) to identify the characteristics of carcass traits in Chikso by gender, region, age at slaughter, and coat color using the carcass data collected from the nationwide pedigree information and coat color investigation, and ii) to estimate genetic parameters for breed improvement. Methods: A linear model was used to analyze the environmental effects on the carcass traits and to estimate genetic parameters. Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs. Results: Phenotypic performance of carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and backfat thickness (BF) in Chikso were lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because Hanwoo have undergone significant efforts for improvement at the national level, a phenomenon not observed in Chikso. Another factor influencing the above outcome was the smaller population size of Chikso compared to that of Hanwoo's. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and marbling score in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were was higher than those of Hanwoo. Conclusion: Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
When the Chikso were slaughtered, grading results from the Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE) were derived based on the individual identification numbers. The grading results include the date at slaughter, breed, sex, slaughter house, grading date, CW, eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), marbling score (MS), meat color score, fat color score, texture, maturity, meat yield score, meat yield grade, final grade, etc. For statistical analysis, the individuals born from 2004 to 2016 which received a “pass” grade were used.
However, Chikso improvement has always been implemented as small-scale regional district level improvement projects, never a nationwide project [7,8]. The researches on Chikso mainly focused on genes affecting the coat color [9,10] and how to increase black streaks on the coat [11,12]. Although research on performance improvement in Chikso has not occurred yet, Hanwoo has been studied at the national level to improve beef cuts as well as carcass weight (CW) and intramuscular fat [13].
대상 데이터
94 kg in Jeonnam and Gyeongnam, respectively. The best EMA was 83.98 cm2 and 83.70 cm2 in Chungnam and Gangwon. The highest BF was 8.
The data used in this study was collected by NIAS with the KAIA and the eight regional district livestock-related research institutes that investigated the pedigree information and coat colors of Chikso in the country in 2013. The photographs of the cattle were taken and classified into seven levels according to the standards set by the KAIA; the first level is when the brindle pattern is strongly expressed throughout the body; the second level is when the brindle pattern is expressed in the whole body but the expression level is weak; the third level is when the brindle pattern is expressed partially; the fourth level is no brindle pattern expression with a yellowish brown coat color; the fifth level is no brindle pattern expression with black coat color; the sixth level is no brindle pattern expression with a mixture of yellowish brown and black coat color; the seventh level is black color in eyes, nose, legs, and tail with a yellowish brown coat color [2].
이론/모형
Analysis of variance was performed using TYPE III sum of squares for the unbalanced data provided by the general linear model procedure [14]. Variance components for genetic parameters was estimated using REMLF90 of the BLUPF90 family programs shared by the University of Georgia [15].
성능/효과
There were significant differences in CW and BF among sex, regions, birth years, and ages at slaughter, but there was no significant difference between birth seasons and coat colors. The EMA showed significant differences among sex, regions, birth seasons, and ages at slaughter but no significant difference between birth years and coat colors. In MS, sex, regions, birth years, birth seasons, and coat colors were significantly different but there was no significant difference for ages at slaughter.
This is a natural outcome because of two factors: first, there has been a consistent, large scale effort to improve Hanwoo unlike Chikso, and second, Chikso has a smaller population size. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and MS in Chikso were estimated as 0.50, 0.37, 0.35, and 0.53, respectively, which were higher than those of Hanwoo. Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.
Table 4 shows the analysis of variance for environmental effects on the carcass traits in Chikso. There were significant differences in CW and BF among sex, regions, birth years, and ages at slaughter, but there was no significant difference between birth seasons and coat colors. The EMA showed significant differences among sex, regions, birth seasons, and ages at slaughter but no significant difference between birth years and coat colors.
Phenotypic performance of CW, EMA, and BF in Chikso was lower than those of Hanwoo. This is a natural outcome because of two factors: first, there has been a consistent, large scale effort to improve Hanwoo unlike Chikso, and second, Chikso has a smaller population size. The heritabilities of CW, EMA, BF, and MS in Chikso were estimated as 0.
후속연구
53, respectively, which were higher than those of Hanwoo. Based on the genetic parameters that were estimated in this study, it is expected that the carcass traits will improve when the livestock research institutes at each province conduct small-scale performance tests and the semen is provided to farmers after selecting proven bulls using the state-of-art selection technique such as genomic selection.
참고문헌 (21)
1 Choi SB Byun MJ Kim YS National management system for conservation of livestock genetic resources: an overview Ann Anim Resour Sci 2012 23 142 8
2 Park MN Choi TJ Park B Distribution of Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) in South Korea and their coat color expression J Korean Soc Int Agric 2016 28 407 13 10.12719/KSIA.2016.28.3.407
3 Utama DT Lee CW Park YS Aera Jang Lee SK Comparison of meat quality, fatty acid composition and aroma volatiles of Chikso and Hanwoo beef Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018 31 1500 6 10.5713/ajas.17.0902 29747494
4 Suh S Kim YS Cho CY Assessment of genetic diversity, relationships and structure among korean native cattle breeds using microsatellite markers Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014 27 1548 53 10.5713/ajas.2014.14435 25358313
5 Choy YH Seo JH Park B Studies on genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Chikso (Korea Native Brindle Cattle) using the microsatellite marker J Life Sci 2015 25 624 30 10.5352/JLS.2015.25.6.624
6 Lee CW Choy YH Chikso and Hanwoo, compare performance in their growth J Korean Soc Int Agric 2016 28 397 406
7 Do CH Park B Kim S Genetic parameter estimates of carcass traits under national scale breeding scheme for beef cattle Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016 29 1083 94 10.5713/ajas.15.0696 27004809
8 Park B Choi T Kim S Oh SH National genetic evaluation (system) of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013 26 151 6 10.5713/ajas.2012.12439 25049770
9 Lee SS Yang BS Yang YH Analysis of melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) genotype in Korean brindle cattle and Korean cattle with dark muzzle J Anim Sci Technol 2002 44 23 30 10.5187/JAST.2002.44.1.023
10 Park JH Lee HL Kim YS Kim JG MC1R Genotypes, coat color, and muzzle phenotype variation in Korean native brindle cattle J Anim Sci Technol 2012 54 255 65 10.5187/JAST.2012.54.4.255
11 Kim SH Jung KS Lee HJ Effects of genotype mutation and coat color phenotype on the offspring from mating system of MC1R genotype patterns in Korean brindle cattle J Embryo Transf 2013 28 215 22
12 Park JH Lee CW Lee HL Sires’ MC1R genotypes and coat color of the offspring of the Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) J Embryo Transf 2014 29 21 7
13 Lee JG Choi TJ Choy YH A study on genetic parameters of primal cuts and carcass traits in Hanwoo J Agric Life Sci 2016 50 179 92 10.14397/jals.2016.50.1.179
14 SAS/STAT 14.1 User’s guide Cary, NC, USA SAS Institute Inc 2015
15 Manual for BLUPF90 family of programs [Internet] Athens, GA, USA University of Georgia 2015 Available from: http://nce.ads.uga.edu/wiki/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=blupf90_all2.pdf
16 Animal Products Grading Statistical Yearbook [Internet] Sejong, Korea Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation c2017 [cited 2018 Month, Day]. Available from: http://www.ekapepia.com/priceStat/grade/gradeCowBody.do?menuId=menu100200&boardInfoNo=
17 Lee SK Lee YS Park S Effect of g.7516G>C SNP in FABP4 gene with carcass traits in Korean brindle cattle and black cattle Ann Anim Resour Sci 2013 24 16 22
18 Choi SB Cho CY Kim JH The Performance of growth traits in Korean domestic animal genetic resources; Chikso, Heugu, and white Hanwoo J Korean Soc Int Agric 2015 27 398 404 10.12719/KSIA.2015.27.3.398
19 Sun DW Kim BW Moon WG The estimation of environmental effect and genetic parameters on carcass traits in Hanwoo J Agric Life Sci 2010 44 83 9
20 Roh SH Kim JW Lee SS Estimates of genetic parameter for carcass traits and chemical composition analysis in Hanwoo J Agric Life Sci 2017 51 111 9 10.14397/jals.2017.51.4.111
21 Koh D Lee J Won S Lee C Kim J Genetic relationships of carcass traits with retail cut productivity of Hanwoo cattle Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014 27 1387 93 10.5713/ajas.2014.14170 25178288
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.