Bahadir, Hasibe Sevilay
(Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yildirim Beyazit University)
,
Bayraktar, Yusuf
(Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University)
PURPOSE. This study evaluated the color stabilities of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and a nanofill composite resin and the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve specimens of 4 mm height were prepar...
PURPOSE. This study evaluated the color stabilities of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and a nanofill composite resin and the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve specimens of 4 mm height were prepared for both Lava Ultimate (L) and Vita Enamic (E) CAD/CAM blocks. Half of the specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) for each material. Both thermocycled and non-thermocycled specimens were surface treated with one of the three different methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, bur, or control). For each surface treatment group, one of the thermocycled and one of non-thermocycled specimens were restored using silane (Ceramic Primer II), universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal), and nanofill composite resin of 4-mm height (Filtek Ultimate). The other specimens were restored with the same procedure without using silane. For each group, 1 × 1 × 8 mm bar specimens were prepared using a microcutting device. Bar specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) and microtensile tests were performed. Staining of the materials in coffee solution was also compared using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc Scheffe tests. RESULTS. µTBS were found similar between the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups (P>.05). The highest µTBS (20.818 MPa) was found in the non-thermocycled, bur-ground, silane-applied E group. Silane increased µTBS at some E groups (P<.05). Composite resin specimens showed more staining than CAD/CAM blocks (P<.05). CONCLUSION. CAD/CAM blocks can be repaired with composite resins after proper surface treatments. Using silane is recommended in repair process. Color differences may be shown between CAD/CAM blocks and the nanofill composite after a certain time period.
PURPOSE. This study evaluated the color stabilities of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and a nanofill composite resin and the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between the materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twelve specimens of 4 mm height were prepared for both Lava Ultimate (L) and Vita Enamic (E) CAD/CAM blocks. Half of the specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) for each material. Both thermocycled and non-thermocycled specimens were surface treated with one of the three different methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, bur, or control). For each surface treatment group, one of the thermocycled and one of non-thermocycled specimens were restored using silane (Ceramic Primer II), universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal), and nanofill composite resin of 4-mm height (Filtek Ultimate). The other specimens were restored with the same procedure without using silane. For each group, 1 × 1 × 8 mm bar specimens were prepared using a microcutting device. Bar specimens were thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5° to 55℃) and microtensile tests were performed. Staining of the materials in coffee solution was also compared using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test and post-hoc Scheffe tests. RESULTS. µTBS were found similar between the thermocycled and non-thermocycled groups (P>.05). The highest µTBS (20.818 MPa) was found in the non-thermocycled, bur-ground, silane-applied E group. Silane increased µTBS at some E groups (P<.05). Composite resin specimens showed more staining than CAD/CAM blocks (P<.05). CONCLUSION. CAD/CAM blocks can be repaired with composite resins after proper surface treatments. Using silane is recommended in repair process. Color differences may be shown between CAD/CAM blocks and the nanofill composite after a certain time period.
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문제 정의
The aim of this study is to evaluate the µTBS of two different CAD/CAM blocks with a nanofill composite resin.
가설 설정
• H3 : Color differences occur between CAD/CAM blocks and repair composite resin in a short time.
제안 방법
Although a silane-containing universal bonding agent was used in this study, an additional silane application further increased the bond strength of some E specimens significantly and a certain amount for L specimens. According to the findings of this study and the literature, even if a universal adhesive system containing silane is used, it is advised to employ a silane coupling agent during repairing procedures of CAD/CAM blocks. This is because universal bonding agents are almost always more acidic (Single Bond Universal, pH = 2.
In this study, the color change values of the materials used in the repair process were also examined after immersion in coffee and distilled water. Specimens stored in distilled water were used as the control group.
Then, these values (N) were converted to MPa for each sample according to following formula: MPa = force / area (N/mm2). The split surfaces of sticks were examined by stereomicroscope (S100 OPMI pico, Carl Zeiss MeditecAG, Yena, Germany) to determine the type of fracture. The fracture types are classified as follows:
Then, all the groups were divided further into two subgroups, and GC Ceramic Primer II (GC, Tokyo, Japan) was applied as a thin layer with a small-tipped applicator for 60 s and dried with an oil-free air spray to one of the subgroups randomly.
This study evaluated the repair capacities of the resin nanoceramic (L) and hybrid (E) CAD/CAM blocks with and without a 10,000-thermocycle process. According to the findings of this study, the first null hypothesis was accepted, and it was found that 10,000 thermocycling of the materials did not affect the µTBS.
= 12) CAD/CAM blocks. To obtain standard surfaces, the specimens were polished using 400-, 600-, 800-, and 1,200-grit silicon carbide papers each for 60 s. Then, the specimens were cleaned by standing in distilled water for 5 min.
Specimens stored in distilled water were used as the control group. To perform an objective color evaluation, a spectrophotometric device was used in this study, allowing a quantitative color assessment. In the CIE L * a * b * color system, the difference between two colors (ΔE) is expressed as the numerical value of the distance between the L *, a *, b * coordinates of these colors.
대상 데이터
For color measurement, a total of 72 specimens (2 mm thick) were obtained from each of the Vita Enamic (n = 24), Lava Ultimate (n = 24), and composite resin (n = 24) materials. Then, all the specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles between +5℃ and +55℃ with a rest time of 20 s in each bath.
While the leucite-based, zirconia reinforced ceramic network constitutes 86% by weight and 75% by volume of the structure, the polymer-based network constitutes 25% by weight and 14% by volume. The specific composition of the ceramic is SiO2 , Al2O3 , Na2O, K2O, B2O3 , Zr2O, and CaO. The polymer network consists of UDMA and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).
To determine the surface roughness of materials, twelve specimens were prepared with a 1.2-mm height for each surface treatment procedure of each material (ntotal = 72). After applying the same surface treatment procedures, the specimens were washed with distilled water and dried with oil-free air spray.
Twenty-four specimens of 4-mm height were prepared using Lava Ultimate (nL = 12) and Vita Enamic (nE = 12) CAD/CAM blocks. To obtain standard surfaces, the specimens were polished using 400-, 600-, 800-, and 1,200-grit silicon carbide papers each for 60 s.
Two different CAD/CAM restorative materials, Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Vita Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), were used in the study.
데이터처리
In determining the difference between intragroup repeated measurements, the repeated-measures ANOVA test was used. Differences among more than two groups were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA test and post hoc Bonferroni test.
0 program. Differences between the two groups were analyzed using the independent group t-test. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparing quantitative continuous data among more than two independent groups.
In the evaluation of color measurements, the mean and standard deviation were used as the descriptive statistical method. In determining the difference between intragroup repeated measurements, the repeated-measures ANOVA test was used. Differences among more than two groups were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA test and post hoc Bonferroni test.
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparing quantitative continuous data among more than two independent groups. The complementary post hoc Scheffe test was used to determine the differences after the ANOVA test. In the evaluation of color measurements, the mean and standard deviation were used as the descriptive statistical method.
성능/효과
According to the µTBS results of the specimens prepared from the Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM block, it was found that the Lb2 + S group (µTBS = 14.661 ± 6.796 MPa) showed a significantly higher bond strength than the other groups (P < .05).
According to the µTBS test results of the specimens, it was found that the non-thermocycled, bur-ground, and silaneapplied E group (Eb2 + S group, µTBS = 20.818 ± 6.266 MPa) showed a significantly higher bond strength than the other groups (P < .05).
According to the findings of this study, 3W Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated L and E surfaces showed acceptable µTBS, and the scores were similar to those of various control and bur groups.
According to the results of this study, while the ΔE values did not change significantly after immersion in water, they increased when specimens were immersed in coffee.
In this study, the acceptability limit of ΔE was determined as 3.5,38 and it was seen that all the materials that were immersed in coffee showed time-dependent color changes.
Similar to the results of this study, the ΔE values of conventional direct composite resins (Filtek Supreme Ultra and Durafill VS) were found to be significantly higher.
The bond strengths of the specimens prepared with Lava Ultimate, with and without thermocycling and burground (Lb1 = 11.030 ± 4.577 MPa, Lb2 = 14.561 ± 7.719 MPa), were found to be significantly higher than those of the specimens prepared with Vita Enamic with and without thermocycling and bur roughening (Eb1 = 5.775 ± 3.908 MPa, Eb2 = 6.817 ± 2.863 MPa; P < .05).
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