염습지 개발과 기후온난화로 인해 해안지역의 생물 서식환경이 변화하고 있다. 환경변화로 인한 한반도 해안식물들의 미래분포변화를 추정하기 위해 MaxEnt 프로그램을 이용하여 해안식물 10종의 예상분포지를 분석하였다. 연구지역은 한반도 동·서·남해안 지역을 대상으로 하였다. 예상분포지 추정은 해안식물의 동아시아 지역 분포자료와 WorldClim 2.0의 19개 기후변수를 사용하였다. 3개의 대기대순환모델(general circulation model; CCSM4, MIROC-ESM 그리고 MPI-ESM-LR)과 4가지 온실가스시나리오(representative concentration pathways; 2.5, 4.5, 6.0 그리고 8.5), 그리고 2개 기간(2050와 2070)이 반영된 미래 기후변수로 미래 예상분포지를 예측하였다. 분석결과 연평균 기온이 적정 분포지 추정에 가장 높은 기여를 하였다. 미래에 분포가 감소할 것으로 예상되는 분류군은 갯메꽃, 갯방풍, 갯씀바귀, 갯완두, 해란초, 참골무꽃, 순비기나무였으며, 분포가 증가할 것으로 예상되는 분류군은 갯사상자로 나타났다. 미래 분포가 현재와 비슷할 것으로 생각되는 분류군은 수송나물, 통보리사초였다. 각 식물의 미래 예상분포지를 종합하여 분포평균을 계산한 결과 서해와 남해가 동해보다 기후변화의 영향을 크게 받을 것으로 예상된다. 이 결과는 해안식물의 보전전략을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.
염습지 개발과 기후온난화로 인해 해안지역의 생물 서식환경이 변화하고 있다. 환경변화로 인한 한반도 해안식물들의 미래분포변화를 추정하기 위해 MaxEnt 프로그램을 이용하여 해안식물 10종의 예상분포지를 분석하였다. 연구지역은 한반도 동·서·남해안 지역을 대상으로 하였다. 예상분포지 추정은 해안식물의 동아시아 지역 분포자료와 WorldClim 2.0의 19개 기후변수를 사용하였다. 3개의 대기대순환모델(general circulation model; CCSM4, MIROC-ESM 그리고 MPI-ESM-LR)과 4가지 온실가스시나리오(representative concentration pathways; 2.5, 4.5, 6.0 그리고 8.5), 그리고 2개 기간(2050와 2070)이 반영된 미래 기후변수로 미래 예상분포지를 예측하였다. 분석결과 연평균 기온이 적정 분포지 추정에 가장 높은 기여를 하였다. 미래에 분포가 감소할 것으로 예상되는 분류군은 갯메꽃, 갯방풍, 갯씀바귀, 갯완두, 해란초, 참골무꽃, 순비기나무였으며, 분포가 증가할 것으로 예상되는 분류군은 갯사상자로 나타났다. 미래 분포가 현재와 비슷할 것으로 생각되는 분류군은 수송나물, 통보리사초였다. 각 식물의 미래 예상분포지를 종합하여 분포평균을 계산한 결과 서해와 남해가 동해보다 기후변화의 영향을 크게 받을 것으로 예상된다. 이 결과는 해안식물의 보전전략을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.
Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The ...
Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The study covered the eastern, western, and southern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula. We used the distributional data of coastal plants of the East Asian region and the 19 climate variables of WorldClim 2.0. The future potential distribution was estimated using future climate variables projected from three general circulation models (CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-LR), four representative concentration pathways (2.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and two time periods (2050 and 2070). The annual mean temperature influenced the estimation of the potential distribution the most. Under predicted future distribution scenarios, Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, and Ixeris repens are expected to show contracted distributions, whereas the distribution of Cnidium japonicum is expected to expand. Two species, Salsola komarovii and Carex kobomugi, are predicted to show similar distributions in the future compared to those in the present. The average potential distribution in the future suggests that the effects of climate change will be greater in the west and the south coastal regions than in the east coastal region. These results will be useful baseline data to establish a conservation strategy for coastal plants.
Coastal regions are experiencing habitat changes due to coastal development and global warming. To estimate the future distribution of coastal plants on the Korean Peninsula due to climate change, the potential distribution of ten species of coastal plants was analyzed using the MaxEnt program. The study covered the eastern, western, and southern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula. We used the distributional data of coastal plants of the East Asian region and the 19 climate variables of WorldClim 2.0. The future potential distribution was estimated using future climate variables projected from three general circulation models (CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-LR), four representative concentration pathways (2.5, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and two time periods (2050 and 2070). The annual mean temperature influenced the estimation of the potential distribution the most. Under predicted future distribution scenarios, Lathyrus japonicus, Glehnia littoralis, Calystegia soldanella, Vitex rotundifolia, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, and Ixeris repens are expected to show contracted distributions, whereas the distribution of Cnidium japonicum is expected to expand. Two species, Salsola komarovii and Carex kobomugi, are predicted to show similar distributions in the future compared to those in the present. The average potential distribution in the future suggests that the effects of climate change will be greater in the west and the south coastal regions than in the east coastal region. These results will be useful baseline data to establish a conservation strategy for coastal plants.
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제안 방법
The rest setting was used as the default. Finally, the developed models in the broader area for each species were projected to current and future climate variables of three GCMs with three or four RCPs in the Korean Peninsula. Although the models contained extrapolated data, the distribution model was less affected as it was developed in the wider area of East Asia rather than just the study region of the Korean Peninsula.
For the remaining climate variables, climate data corresponding to the occurrences of each one of the species were extracted and used for a principal component analysis (PCA) to exclude relatively more subservient climate variables.
Although these SDMs were developed using wider east Asian climate data rather than just the Korean Peninsula, it has the limitation of being based on only climate data. Further study considering the characteristics of soil, geology, and topology should be carried out to strengthen SDM models. Our study provides useful information for a better understanding of coastal plants habitat in future climate change scenarios.
The potential distributions of 10 coastal plants in Korean Peninsula were analyzed using climate variables in the MaxEnt program. In order to develop a precise potential distribution model for each species, we utilized climate variables and species occurrence data across the broader East Asia region and projected it onto the Korean Peninsula. We used the potential distribution analyzed from coastal environments in the Korean Peninsula to predict future habitat availability for each species.
This study estimated future potential distribution of 10 coastal plants in the Korean Peninsula by using East Asian climatic data with three GCMs and four RCPs. This estimation focused on distributional shifts resulting from future climate change in order to provide useful information for a conservation strategy of the coastal region.
대상 데이터
Only one species was selected per family to avoid repeated biological characters. Ten coastal plants including four endemic species of East Asia were selected for this study. Species occurrence data was collected from Shim et al.
성능/효과
1, 2). Five species (Calystegia soldanella, G. littoralis, Lathyrus japonicus, Scutellaria strigillosa, and V. rotundifolia) were especially negatively affected in future climate change scenarios, losing almost half of their distribution, ranging from 46.7% to 74.9%. The area where those species lost most of their range was under 37.
That study suggested that most endemic and northern species would be reduced at the Southern Korean Peninsula and that the southern species could transit northwards in future. In that study, a dramatic decrease of species richness was linked to limited dispersal ability.
An averaged future potential distribution was calculated from the 10 species studied. It showed a pattern biased toward the east coast, and the more severe the scenario of RCP became, the more the potential distribution in the southern region on the Korean Peninsula decreased (Fig. 3). In all scenarios and periods, the east coast showed higher values than both the west and the south coast.
1). The species with over 10% reduction in the potential distribution area in the future were Calystegia soldanella, Glehnia littoralis, I. repens, Lathyrus japonicus, Linaria japonica, Scutellaria strigillosa, and Vitex rotundifolia. The reduction percentages of those species ranged from 74.
2). Two species, Carex kobomugi and Salsola komarovii, showed only a 6% and 1% lower average future distribution than current distributions, respectively (Fig. 2).Changes of the potential distributions from 2050 to 2070showed an increase in RCP26 but a reduction in all other scenarios.
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