[논문]산업단지 VOC 저감 최적가용기법(BAT) 선정을 위한 다매체 거동모델 기반 인체위해성·환경성·경제성 평가

김예린; 이가희; 허성구; 남기전; 리첸; 유창규

doi:10.9713/kcer.2020.58.3.325

산업단지 VOC 저감 최적가용기법(BAT) 선정을 위한 다매체 거동모델 기반 인체위해성·환경성·경제성 평가
Human Health Risk, Environmental and Economic Assessment Based on Multimedia Fugacity Model for Determination of Best Available Technology (BAT) for VOC Reduction in Industrial Complex 원문보기

Korean chemical engineering research = 화학공학, v.58 no.3, 2020년, pp.325 - 345

김예린 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) , 이가희 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) , 허성구 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) , 남기전 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) , 리첸 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과) , 유창규 (경희대학교 공과대학 환경학 및 환경공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 다매체 퓨가시티 모델을 기반으로 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 방지기술의 인체위해성·환경성·경제성 평가를 수행하여 석유화학 산업단지 내 VOCs 저감을 위한 최적가용기법(Best available technology, BAT)을 선정하였다. 다매체 퓨가시티 모델을 이용하여 U-city에 소재한 석유화학 산업단지에서 배출되는 VOCs 중 Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene (BTEX)의 다매체 거동 특성과 잔류농도 분포를 예측하였다. 매체 통합 인체위해성 평가 및 민감도 분석을 이용해 BTEX의 물질별 인체위해성을 예측하고 주요 영향 변수를 규명하였으며, 다매체 환경시스템 내 잔류농도 기준의 환경성 평가와 비용-편익 경제성 평가를 수행하여 우수환경관리기법군(BAT군)을 선정하였다. BTEX의 다매체 거동 분석 결과, 토양 매체에서 높은 잔류 분포 특성(60%, 61%, 64%, 63%)을 보였으며, Xylene은 모든 다매체 환경에서 가장 높은 잔류성을 보였다. BAT후보군 중에서 흡수법은 가장 높은 인체위해성을 보여 BAT 선정에서 제외하였으며, 민감도 분석 결과 대기 매체에서의 물질 반감기와 경로별 노출계수가 인체위해성과 높은 상관성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 환경성 평가와 비용-편익 경제성 평가를 고려하여, 재생 열산화법, 재생 촉매산화법, 바이오 필터법, UV 산화법, 활성탄 흡착법을 석유화학 산업단지 내 VOCs 저감을 위한 BAT군으로 선정하였으며, 본 연구에서 제시한 매체통합적 접근 방식의 BAT 선정 방법론은 사업장에서 오염물질 저감을 위한 최적의 배출시설 선정과 통합환경관리제도 운영에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Determination of Best available technology (BAT) was suggested to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petrochemical industrial complex, by conducting human health risk, environmental, and economic assessment based on multimedia fugacity model. Fate and distribution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) was predicted by the multimedia fugacity model, which represent VOCs emitted from the industrial complex in U-city. Media-integrated human health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to predict the human health risk of BTEX and identify the critical variable which has adverse effects on human health. Besides, the environmental and economic assessment was conducted to determine the BAT for VOCs reduction. It is concluded that BTEX highly remained in soil media (60%, 61%, 64% and 63%), and xylene has remained as the highest proportion of BTEX in each environment media. From the candidates of BAT, the absorption was excluded due to its high human health risk. Moreover, it is identified that the half-life and exposure coefficient of each exposure route are highly correlated with human health risk by sensitivity analysis. In last, considering environmental and economic assessment, the regenerative thermal oxidation, the regenerative catalytic oxidation, the bio-filtration, the UV oxidation, and the activated carbon adsorption were determined as BAT for reducing VOCs in the petrochemical industrial complex. The suggested BAT determination methodology based on the media-integrated approach can contribute to the application of BAT into the workplace to efficiently manage the discharge facilities and operate an integrated environmental management system.

주제어

표/그림 (19)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of BAT determination for VOCs reduction in petrochemical industrial complex using human health risk, environ-mental and economic assessment based on multimedia fugacity model.
표 Table 1. Equations of fugacity capacities [17, 20].
그림 Fig. 2. Intermedia transport process of pollutants in environment multimedia: (1) air, (2) water, (3) soil and (4) sediment [19].
표 Table 2. The equations of intermedia transport D value [17, 20]
그림 Fig. 3. The proposed framework of BAT determination for VOCs reduction based on multimedia fugacity model.
표 Table 3. Physicochemical properties of BTEX in the environment media [20]
표 Table 4. The principles, advantages, disadvantages and reduction efficiency of the alternative VOCs control technologies for BAT determination
그림 Fig. 4. Target site location and environment media characteristics in the petrochemical industrial complex of the study area.
표 Table 5. Equations of average daily intake of BTEX through multi-route exposure [19]
표 Table 6. Absorption factors of inhalation, ingestion and dermal permeability coefficient according to each exposure route of BTEX
표 Table 7. Parameters of value, confidence factor and intervals for the sensitivity analysis of multimedia fugacity model
그림 Fig. 5. Comparison result of BTEX emission rates into the air with the alternative VOCs control technologies.
표 Table 8. Parameter values of the receptor groups of adults and children for the sensitivity analysis
그림 Fig. 6. Fate and transport of BTEX in environment multimedia using Level III multimedia fugacity model: (a) benzene, (b) toluene, (c) eth-ylbenzene and (d) xylene.
그림 Fig. 6. (continued).
그림 Fig. 7. Comparisons of human health risk assessment on the adult and children groups by residuals in environment multimedia with the alter-native VOCs control technologies (a) benzene, (b) toluene, (c) ethylbenzene and (d) xylene.
그림 Fig. 8. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters of multimedia fugacity model with respect to human health risk assessment according to the exposure route of inhalation, oral ingestion, dermal contact and total risk for (a) adult and (b) children groups.
그림 Fig. 9. Comparisons of residual cocentrations of BTEX in environment multimedia emitted from the alternative VOCs control technologies.
그림 Fig. 10. Best available technology of economic costs and amounts of VOCs emission reduction with the alternative VOCs control technologies.

질의응답

핵심어	질문	논문에서 추출한 답변
	다매체 퓨가시티 모델이란 무엇인가?	다매체 퓨가시티 모델은 퓨가시티 개념을 사용하여 대기, 수계,토양 등 환경매체에서의 물질 거동을 모사하고 정량화 하기 위한 모델이다[20,21]. 퓨가시티 개념은 물질수지 이론을 바탕으로 하는 열역학적 물질 평형의 기준을 고려한다.
	다매체퓨가시티 모델의 다매체 환경이 고려하는 7개 매체는 무엇인가?	물질의 물리·화학적 특성,반응성, 이동 특성 및 확산 범위 등의 정보를 기반으로 물질의 환경적 거동을 제시하고 물질의 매체간 분배 계수를 산정하여 다매체환경시스템에서의 물질의 평형 분배를 모사할 수 있다[17]. 다매체퓨가시티 모델의 다매체 환경은 크게 대기(Air), 수계(Water), 토양(Soil), 침전물(Sediment)로 구분하며, 세부적으로는 수서생물(Fish),부유물질(Suspended sediment), 에어로졸(Aerosol)의 총 7개 매체를 고려한다. 각 환경매체에서의 물질 농도인 C (mol/m3)은 특정 환경매체에서 물질의 부분압인 퓨가시티 값 f (Pa)와 물질이 환경매체에 머무르는 정도인 퓨가시티 용량 Z (mol/m3·Pa)을 통해 식 (1)과 같이 계산된다[17,18].
	퓨가시티 개념의 특징은 무엇인가?	퓨가시티 개념은 물질수지 이론을 바탕으로 하는 열역학적 물질 평형의 기준을 고려한다. 물질의 물리·화학적 특성,반응성, 이동 특성 및 확산 범위 등의 정보를 기반으로 물질의 환경적 거동을 제시하고 물질의 매체간 분배 계수를 산정하여 다매체환경시스템에서의 물질의 평형 분배를 모사할 수 있다[17]. 다매체퓨가시티 모델의 다매체 환경은 크게 대기(Air), 수계(Water), 토양(Soil), 침전물(Sediment)로 구분하며, 세부적으로는 수서생물(Fish),부유물질(Suspended sediment), 에어로졸(Aerosol)의 총 7개 매체를 고려한다.

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