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가설 설정
- In this study, it was hypothesized that the measurement variables would differ between the Kyorugi group and the Poomsae group. On the other hand, the results showed no significant difference between the groups in all the measured variables.
제안 방법
- After blindfolding the subject, the researcher extended the subject’s knee joint on the dominant leg to the target angle and sustained the target angle position for five seconds, allowing the subject to remember that position.
- The target force was set to 40% of the subjects’ average maximum force calculated in kilograms. After setting the target force, the subject was asked to practice producing the target force three times while using the sight to perceive all the necessary visual input. For the actual assessment, the subject was blindfolded and instructed to reproduce the target force.
- An assessment of the knee joint position sense (JPS) was performed on a table in the sitting position using a 360° joint range-of-motion measuring device for the lower limbs (Baseline Metal Goniometer-360 Degree Range-14 Inch Leg, JAMAR, USA) [16].
- After setting the target force, the subject was asked to practice producing the target force three times while using the sight to perceive all the necessary visual input. For the actual assessment, the subject was blindfolded and instructed to reproduce the target force. Measurements of the force reproduction were taken three times; before, immediately after and 10 minutes after the muscle fatigue was induced.
- In the case of knee joints, it was reported that recovery from the fatigue effect induced by a five-second maximal isometric voluntary contraction occurs within the first one to two minutes after the exercise [15]. In this study, the landing motion was restricted to 10 minutes after muscle fatigue was induced by the fatigue-inducing exercise, and the measurements were taken as quickly as possible to prevent a decrease in fatigue effect [10].
- 0 program. The general characteristics of the participants were determined through descriptive statistics to yield the mean and standard deviation. Normality was found through a Shapiro-Wilk test.
- Before taking the measurements, a maker was attached to the lateral malleolus and the fibular head of the subject's dominant leg. The joint position reproduced by the subject was photographed using a digital camera (Mirrorless NX-2000, Samsung, Korea), and the 2D motion analysis program Twinner Pro (SIMI reality motion systems GmbH, Germany) was used to take measurements to two decimal places [17]. Measurements were taken for flexion and extension.
- The subject’s entire sole, except for the heels, was placed on the scale to measure the force reproduction (Unit: kg). The subject was asked to press the scale to reach the target force and maintain it for three seconds using only the ankle plantar flexor force. The target force was set to 40% of the subjects’ average maximum force calculated in kilograms.
- Therefore, in reference to the factors that induce noncontact sports injuries in Taekwondo athletes, this study examined the effects of muscle fatigue on proprioception according to the type of Taekwondo training, and to provide basic data on sports injuries in Taekwondo athletes.
대상 데이터
- The Taekwondo athletes of K university participating in this study were divided into two groups: Kyorugi athlete group (n = 14) and Poomsae athlete group (n = 14). After a thorough explanation of the purpose of this study to potential research participants, oral consent was received from those who voluntarily decided to participate in this study.
- To measure changes in proprioception due to muscle fatigue, the joint position sense (JPS) and force reproduction sense (FRS) were measured before and after inducing muscle fatigue in both groups. The evaluation was conducted at the Sports Science Laboratory at K University. The laboratory was kept at 22 ℃ and 60% humidity to minimize changes in the physiological responses due to environmental factors.
- This study was designed as a pre-post test and control group study on 28 Taekwondo athletes of K University from November 15 to 20, 2017 (Five days).
데이터처리
- An independent t-test was performed to compare the results between the groups. A paired t-test was used to compare the dependent variables within the groups. The statistically significant level was set to α = .
- The general characteristics and the test of homogeneity of the pre-intervention values for each group were found through an independent t-test. An independent t-test was performed to compare the results between the groups. A paired t-test was used to compare the dependent variables within the groups.
- Normality was found through a Shapiro-Wilk test. The general characteristics and the test of homogeneity of the pre-intervention values for each group were found through an independent t-test. An independent t-test was performed to compare the results between the groups.
성능/효과
- They reported a decrease in maintaining static balance for both groups, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. A comparison of the two groups in static postural stability after fatigue induced, the anterior-posterior balance was significantly higher in the Kyorugi group than the Poomsae group, whereas the medial-lateral balance increased significantly in both groups. No statistical difference in the comparison of the dynamic postural stability was observed between the groups.
- According to the assessment results of the FRS, the mean force reproduced by the Kyorugi group before muscle fatigue and 10 minutes after muscle fatigue was 3.91 ±1.26 kg and 3.35 ± .46 kg, respectively.
- According to the assessment results of the JPS for flexion, the mean error of the Kyorugi group before muscle fatigue and 10 minutes after muscle fatigue was -2.07 ± 3.12° and -1.43 ± 6.50°, respectively.
- According to the study results, single-leg stance postural control decreased during the fatigue inducement method of plantar and dorsiflexion at an angular velocity of 30°/s in both the anteroposterior and mediolateral factors.
- The study results showed that muscle fatigue affects the JPS and FRS in Taekwondo athletes. Significant differences in the JPS of the extensor muscle after muscle fatigue were observed in the Kyorugi group, whereas significant differences in the FRS after muscle fatigue were observed in the Poomsae group.
- Their subjects perceived 20% of their maximal voluntary force and measured their force reproduction for three seconds after induced muscle fatigue. The study results showed that the reproduction error significantly increased after induced muscle fatigue. Their findings correspond to the results of the present study, confirming that muscle fatigue affects the FRS.
후속연구
- This will also contribute to injury prevention and athlete protection. In addition, the information can be used as basic data for the development of sports injuries prevention and rehabilitation programs for Taekwondo athletes.
- Therefore, future studies will be needed to examine how muscle fatigue directly affects proprioception, which subsequently influences the balance and kinetic variables in Taekwondo athletes. Such a study will build a knowledge base for sports injuries in Taekwondo athletes during training and competition and promote further research on providing intervention programs for the prevention of sports injuries. In addition, considering the kinematic characteristics of Kyorugi and Poomsae athletes, it will be necessary to study the changes in proprioception according to the kinetic characteristics of the two groups using different fatigue-inducing methods.
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