Effects of Reciprocal Inhibition Using Thera-band on Scapular Muscle Activities During Arm-lifting Exercises in Subjects with Rounded Shoulder Posture원문보기
PURPOSE: Excessive activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle contributes to a rounded shoulder posture (RSP) through abnormal rotation of the scapula that weakens the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. This study compared the effects of two arm-lifting exercises with and with...
PURPOSE: Excessive activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle contributes to a rounded shoulder posture (RSP) through abnormal rotation of the scapula that weakens the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. This study compared the effects of two arm-lifting exercises with and without the use of a Thera-band on the activities of LT, SA, and UT muscles, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Sixteen subjects with RSP participated in this study. All subjects performed arm-lifting (AL), diagonal arm-lifting (DAL), arm lifting with isometric adduction (ALIA), and diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction (DALIA) exercises. The surface electromyography data, LT, SA, UT, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratios were measured. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between two arm-lifting exercises and two arm lifting with isometric adduction exercises. RESULTS: In ALIA and DALIA exercises, the UT muscle activity decreased significantly, whereas the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio increased significantly. The activity of SA muscle increased significantly more with DALIA than that with DAL. CONCLUSION: Arm-lifting exercises using a Thera-band can be implemented as an effective way to reduce the UT overactivity and increase the SA activity and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with RSP.
PURPOSE: Excessive activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle contributes to a rounded shoulder posture (RSP) through abnormal rotation of the scapula that weakens the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. This study compared the effects of two arm-lifting exercises with and without the use of a Thera-band on the activities of LT, SA, and UT muscles, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Sixteen subjects with RSP participated in this study. All subjects performed arm-lifting (AL), diagonal arm-lifting (DAL), arm lifting with isometric adduction (ALIA), and diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction (DALIA) exercises. The surface electromyography data, LT, SA, UT, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratios were measured. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between two arm-lifting exercises and two arm lifting with isometric adduction exercises. RESULTS: In ALIA and DALIA exercises, the UT muscle activity decreased significantly, whereas the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio increased significantly. The activity of SA muscle increased significantly more with DALIA than that with DAL. CONCLUSION: Arm-lifting exercises using a Thera-band can be implemented as an effective way to reduce the UT overactivity and increase the SA activity and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with RSP.
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가설 설정
Therefore, this study investigated the effects of reciprocal inhibition using a Thera-band on the muscle activities of LT, SA, and UT, and the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio during arm-lifting exercises (arm-lifting exercise versus arm-lifting with isometric adduction, the diagonal arm-lifting exercise versus diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction) in subjects with RSP. It was hypothesized that reciprocal inhibition using Thera-band during arm-lifting exercises would decrease the UT overactivity and increase the LT and SA muscle activity, as well as the LT/UT and SA/UT ratios among subjects with RSP.
제안 방법
, Redmond, WA, USA). For data collection, the subjects performed three trials of each exercise with a one-minute rest period between the trials. Each of the four arm-lifting exercises was performed for six seconds; the first and last seconds of each exercise trial were discarded, and the remaining four seconds of the EMG data were used [25-26].
, reciprocal inhibition) while performing AL exercise in subjects with RSP [31]. In this study, when the subject was instructed to perform AL exercise while maintaining isometric adduction overcoming the tension of the Thera-band, UT was inhibited reciprocally by activating the adductors and downward rotators of the experimental arm. Considering the results, isometric adduction exercise should be included to decrease the UT muscle activity during AL and DAL in subjects with RSP.
Hence, future studies will be needed to determine if the findings of present can be generalized to symptomatic populations. Second, this study measured RSP after the each condition of SPT because kinematic data such as RSP was difficult to collect at end-range of the SPT. Further studies need to determine the correlation of scapular movement between the SPT and other end-range exercises.
The PI instructed subjects uniformly regarding the standardized position of the four arm-lifting exercises and how to perform each exercise. The subjects were then allowed to familiarize themselves with the exercise for approximately 30-minutes until the proper motion was achieved.
The PI abducted the subject’s experimental arm up to 180° and confirmed the degree using a goniometer. The subject was then instructed to lift the experimental arm until the radial border of the wrist touched slightly without pushing the target bar and maintained the arm position, which was located next to the ear. A vertical pole and a height-adjustable horizontal bar were used to determine the angle of shoulder flexion (Fig.
The subjects were placed in the quadruped position and instructed to rock backward slowly until their buttocks touched both heels. The subjects were asked to place the non-experimental arm under the forehead and push the forehead slightly with the dorsum of the hand to stabilize the neck and thoracic spine. The PI abducted the subject’s experimental arm up to 180° and confirmed the degree using a goniometer.
A 10-minute rest period was provided between exercises to avoid fatigue. The subjects were instructed to perform arm-lifting first, followed by an isometric adduction exercise. The two arm-lifting exercises with isometric adduction were similar to the exercises without isometric adduction except that the Thera-band was applied around the distal wrists to provide resistance to shoulder adduction.
Therefore, this study investigated the effects of reciprocal inhibition using a Thera-band on the muscle activities of LT, SA, and UT, and the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio during arm-lifting exercises (arm-lifting exercise versus arm-lifting with isometric adduction, the diagonal arm-lifting exercise versus diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction) in subjects with RSP. It was hypothesized that reciprocal inhibition using Thera-band during arm-lifting exercises would decrease the UT overactivity and increase the LT and SA muscle activity, as well as the LT/UT and SA/UT ratios among subjects with RSP.
This study investigated the effects of reciprocal inhibition using a Thera-band on the muscle activities of UT, LT, and SA, as well as the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratios during two arm-lifting exercises in subjects with RSP. In the ALIA and DALIA exercises, the UT muscle activity decreased significantly, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratio increased significantly.
The subjects were then instructed to attempt approximating the abducted arm and head toward each other against the examiner’s matching immovable resistance [23]. To determine the MVIC value for LT, the subjects were tested in the prone position. The patient’s arm was placed diagonally overhead, in line with the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle during external rotation, while a resistance was applied just above the elbow joints [11,22].
대상 데이터
The exclusion criteria were shoulder pain or a history of surgery owing to musculoskeletal disease, which interfered with the test position. The subjects were male Yonsei University students in their twenties and were recruited through public notices. Before participation, the procedure was explained to all subjects, after which they provided written informed consent.
데이터처리
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test was used to assess the normal distribution. Because a normal distribution was satisfied, a paired t-test was used to compare the effect of the two arm-lifting exercises and two diagonal arm-lifting exercises with isometric adduction on the activities of LT, SA, and UT, and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratios in subjects with RSP. Statistical significance was set to .
이론/모형
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z-test was used to assess the normal distribution. Because a normal distribution was satisfied, a paired t-test was used to compare the effect of the two arm-lifting exercises and two diagonal arm-lifting exercises with isometric adduction on the activities of LT, SA, and UT, and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratios in subjects with RSP.
성능/효과
Several limitations of this research should be noted. First, the possibility of generalization is limited because RSP in young males was assessed. The results might be different if female subjects were included.
후속연구
Further studies need to determine the correlation of scapular movement between the SPT and other end-range exercises. Finally, this study showed only cross-sectional results of muscle activities and kinematics in various conditions, so long-term effect should be considered in future studies.
Second, this study measured RSP after the each condition of SPT because kinematic data such as RSP was difficult to collect at end-range of the SPT. Further studies need to determine the correlation of scapular movement between the SPT and other end-range exercises. Finally, this study showed only cross-sectional results of muscle activities and kinematics in various conditions, so long-term effect should be considered in future studies.
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