Kwon, Hyeon Jeong
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Yun, Ho Cheol
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Lee, Ji Yoon
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Jeong, Eun Jung
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Cho, Hyun Nho
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Kim, Da Young
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Park, Sung Ah
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Lee, Seung Ju
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
,
Kang, Jung Mi
(Food Analysis Division, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health & Environment)
The objectives of the present study were to assess the oxidative stability of South Korean n-3 (omega-3 fatty acid) supplements carried out from 2018 to 2019 and evaluate the influence of product characteristics on oxidative safety. A total of 76 n-3 supplements were analysed for oxidation safety by...
The objectives of the present study were to assess the oxidative stability of South Korean n-3 (omega-3 fatty acid) supplements carried out from 2018 to 2019 and evaluate the influence of product characteristics on oxidative safety. A total of 76 n-3 supplements were analysed for oxidation safety by four markers, including acid value (AV), primary oxidation (peroxide value, PV), secondary oxidation (p-anisidine value, pAV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). Among the supplements tested, 5.3 %, 55.3 %, 28.9 % and 46.1 % exceeded the international voluntary recommended levels for AV, PV, pAV and TOTOX, respectively. Purity (%) of products, remainder of expiration date (suggested shelf life), package in press through package (PTP) and products with additives had statistically significant differences oxidation assessment levels (p < 0.05). In addition, n-3 group found in Algae oil had significantly lower AV levels than the group that did not, and product with Alaska pollack oil, had significantly higher pAV levels than without group (p < 0.05). The high oxidation status of South Korean n-3 products in the present study could not be considered a public health problem right now. However, the levels of oxidation may affect a lot the efficacy and safety of using n-3 supplements. Thus, current oxidation safety limits should be reestablished by regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplements, so that the standards could be applied to the products available to consumers.
The objectives of the present study were to assess the oxidative stability of South Korean n-3 (omega-3 fatty acid) supplements carried out from 2018 to 2019 and evaluate the influence of product characteristics on oxidative safety. A total of 76 n-3 supplements were analysed for oxidation safety by four markers, including acid value (AV), primary oxidation (peroxide value, PV), secondary oxidation (p-anisidine value, pAV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). Among the supplements tested, 5.3 %, 55.3 %, 28.9 % and 46.1 % exceeded the international voluntary recommended levels for AV, PV, pAV and TOTOX, respectively. Purity (%) of products, remainder of expiration date (suggested shelf life), package in press through package (PTP) and products with additives had statistically significant differences oxidation assessment levels (p < 0.05). In addition, n-3 group found in Algae oil had significantly lower AV levels than the group that did not, and product with Alaska pollack oil, had significantly higher pAV levels than without group (p < 0.05). The high oxidation status of South Korean n-3 products in the present study could not be considered a public health problem right now. However, the levels of oxidation may affect a lot the efficacy and safety of using n-3 supplements. Thus, current oxidation safety limits should be reestablished by regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplements, so that the standards could be applied to the products available to consumers.
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제안 방법
Owing to their benefits, n-3 fatty acids have been recently used in health functional food products; however, the large number of double bonds in their structure renders them prone to oxidation. Therefore, in this study we comparatively analyzed four oxidation level indicators (i.e., AV, PV, pAV, and TOTOX) of commercially available n-3 products and examined the dependence of oxidation levels on product characteristics based on the fatty acid content of the samples. Our results revealed that the PV during the initial oxidation stage and TOTOX for the overall oxidation process exceeded the standard levels by approximately 50%, which indicated that the analyzed products presented low oxidation stability regardless of the time to expiration.
Therefore, in this study we monitored the oxidation levels of commercially available health functional foods containing n-3 fatty acids using four indicators: AV, PV, pAV, and TOTOX, and compared the oxidation levels according to different product characteristics.
05). To analyze the effect of product purity on the oxidation level, the EPA + DHA content based on the daily intake indicated on the product label was expressed as purity (%) and correlation analysis was performed. The purity ranged between 13.
대상 데이터
We analyzed the oxidation levels of 76 commercially available health functional foods containing n-3 fatty acids. Samples were collected between Feb 6, 2018 and Sep 5, 2019, and the analyses were performed between May 13, 2019 and Oct 14, 2019. The expiration dates of the samples ranged between Jun 27, 2019 and Feb 15, 2022, and all analyses were performed within the expiration date.
데이터처리
Therefore, it could be hypothesized that the lower the purity, the higher the AV. For a more accurate statistical analysis, the values were further tested using the multiple regression equation. The correlation between AV and purity was significant (b = -1.
One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the mean oxidation level indicators of samples with different capsule materials, and the results revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05).
Statistical significance was tested using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and general linear regression analysis, and the level of statistical significance was set to p < 0.05.
Based on the test date, the products were divided into Group I, with a time to expiration longer than 1 year, and Group II, with a time to expiration shorter than 1 year. The differences in mean oxidation level indicators were analyzed using the t-test (Fig. 2).
The capsule packaging of n-3 products could be divided into two types: packages obtained using a pressure-based method known as press through package (PTP) (Group I) and bottles made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene terephthalate (Group II). The differences in the mean oxidation level indicators of n-3 products stores in these two types of packages were analyzed using the t-test. The oxidation levels of the 22 products in Group I were AV = 1.
The products were divided into two groups: Group I with EPA + DHA ≤ 600 mg and Group II with EPA + DHA > 600 mg, and the differences in mean oxidation level indicators between the groups were analyzed using the t-test.
성능/효과
The oxidation levels of 76 health functional foods containing n-3 fatty acids purchased from department stores and hypermarkets in South Korea were monitored between Feb 2018 and Sep 2019. Among the 76 samples, 4 exceeded the standard level for AV by 5.3 %, 42 exceeded the standard level for PV by 55.3 %, 22 exceeded the standard level for pAV by 28.9 %, and 35 exceeded the standard level for TOTOX by 46.1 % (Table 1). The mean PV and TOTOX of the analyzed samples were 9.
171. Moreover, while correlation analysis indicated that AV did not depend significantly on the raw material of Group G at p = 0.05 (p = 0.077), multiple regression analysis of product characteristics revealed a significant correlation between the raw material of Group G and AV (b = -1.525, t = -2.669, p = 0.010), which could indicate that the AV of algae-derived n-3 products might be low.
, AV, PV, pAV, and TOTOX) of commercially available n-3 products and examined the dependence of oxidation levels on product characteristics based on the fatty acid content of the samples. Our results revealed that the PV during the initial oxidation stage and TOTOX for the overall oxidation process exceeded the standard levels by approximately 50%, which indicated that the analyzed products presented low oxidation stability regardless of the time to expiration. This indicated that product efficacy could be reduced and consumer sensory evaluation could be negatively affected.
The differences between the mean oxidation level indicators for Groups I and II indicated that AV and pAV were not significantly correlated with the expiration date (p > 0.05).
The mean PV and TOTOX of the analyzed samples were 9.30 ± 16.46 meq/kg and 37.25 ± 40.13, respectively, which indicated that the level of oxidation of the analyzed samples was higher than the average global recommended level.
참고문헌 (19)
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