Marini-Macouzet, Constanza
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
,
Munoz, Luis
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
,
Gonzalez-Rubio, Aldo
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
,
Eguiarte, Luis E.
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
,
Souza, Valeria
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
,
Velez, Patricia
(Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)
Fungal ecological interactions play a key role in structuring community assemblages. These associations may involve both antagonistic and synergistic relationships, which are commonly influenced by abiotic factors such as nutrient conditions. However, information for extreme, oligotrophic systems re...
Fungal ecological interactions play a key role in structuring community assemblages. These associations may involve both antagonistic and synergistic relationships, which are commonly influenced by abiotic factors such as nutrient conditions. However, information for extreme, oligotrophic systems remain poor. Herein, interactions among key members of the aquatic transient fungal community (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Coprinellus micaceus) of a low-nutrient freshwater system in the Cuatro Ci enegas Basin, Mexico were studied. Pairwise interaction bioassays were explored in vitro under different nutrient conditions, including carbohydrates-rich, carbohydrates and amino peptides-rich, and low nutrients. Our results indicated that antagonistic patterns prevail among the studied taxa. However, nutrient-dependent changes were observed in Cladosporium sp. shifting to synergy under carbohydrates-rich conditions, suggesting changes in the fungal community composition as a result of nutrient enrichment. Remarkably, our findings contrast with previous work demonstrating mainly synergistic interactions between our tested fungal isolates and co-occurring autochthonous bacteria (Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio sp.) under low-nutrient conditions. This observation may indicate that bacteria and fungi exhibit distinct community-level responses, driven by nutrient conditions. This contributes to the knowledge of fungal community dynamics and interspecific interactions in an oligotrophic ecosystem, highlighting the relevance of nutrient-based shifts and antagonistic interactions in ecosystem dynamics.
Fungal ecological interactions play a key role in structuring community assemblages. These associations may involve both antagonistic and synergistic relationships, which are commonly influenced by abiotic factors such as nutrient conditions. However, information for extreme, oligotrophic systems remain poor. Herein, interactions among key members of the aquatic transient fungal community (Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., and Coprinellus micaceus) of a low-nutrient freshwater system in the Cuatro Ci enegas Basin, Mexico were studied. Pairwise interaction bioassays were explored in vitro under different nutrient conditions, including carbohydrates-rich, carbohydrates and amino peptides-rich, and low nutrients. Our results indicated that antagonistic patterns prevail among the studied taxa. However, nutrient-dependent changes were observed in Cladosporium sp. shifting to synergy under carbohydrates-rich conditions, suggesting changes in the fungal community composition as a result of nutrient enrichment. Remarkably, our findings contrast with previous work demonstrating mainly synergistic interactions between our tested fungal isolates and co-occurring autochthonous bacteria (Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio sp.) under low-nutrient conditions. This observation may indicate that bacteria and fungi exhibit distinct community-level responses, driven by nutrient conditions. This contributes to the knowledge of fungal community dynamics and interspecific interactions in an oligotrophic ecosystem, highlighting the relevance of nutrient-based shifts and antagonistic interactions in ecosystem dynamics.
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문제 정의
As natural communities represent a complex array of species, disentangling polymicrobial interactions under different nutrient scenarios is central to understanding ecosystem dynamics and energy fluxes in response to perturbations [21]. The aim of this work was to evaluate pairwise in vitro interactions among fungal isolates obtained from a phosphorous-poor desert oasis, under different nutrient conditions to explore their inter- and intraspecific interactions. The experiments were conducted using isolates from the Churince system, in the Chihuahuan desert, an oligotrophic oasis, now mostly dry [12] in order to increase baseline knowledge on the functioning of this endangered region.
가설 설정
The experiments were conducted using isolates from the Churince system, in the Chihuahuan desert, an oligotrophic oasis, now mostly dry [12] in order to increase baseline knowledge on the functioning of this endangered region. We hypothesize that beneficial interactions will dominate under low-nutrients media in accordance with the stress-gradient hypothesis.
대상 데이터
All the bioassays (both controls and test plates) were run in triplicate and incubated at 28 ℃ with a 12 h photoperiod. Photographic record of the experiment was registered using a Nikon D3000 digital SLR camera (Nikon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) at 72, 120, and 168 h after inoculation, using identical camera settings and light conditions. Fungal growth (area) was determined through image analysis using the software IMAGEJ 1.
The authors thank anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, Erika Aguirre-Planter and Laura Espinosa-Asuar for assistance in the laboratory. This paper was written during a sabbatical leave of LEE and VSS in the University of Minnesota in Peter Tiffin and Michael Travisano laboratories, respectively, with support by scholarships from PASPA, DGAPA, UNAM.
데이터처리
The statistical significance of interactions was tested with a one-way ANOVA (p < .05) for the fifth and seventh days using software PAST version 2.17c [32].
이론/모형
The quantitative assessment of interactions was scored by calculating the Percent Inhibition Index (PII, Equation (1)) [30], and the Overall Antagonism Index (OAI or resistance estimate, Equation (2)) [31]. The PII denotes growth differences in mono-cultures in relation to co-cultures, whereas the OAI represents the overall ability of a given species to grow and to resist the presence of other fungi.
This work was supported by the Alianza WWFFundacion Carlos Slim project.
성능/효과
Fungal antagonistic interactions are characterized by the secretion of assorted secondary metabolites of remarkable biological activities [19], detoxification processes and the transformation of metabolites produced by other fungi as observed in Aspergillus niger [20]. Overall, these investigations have evidenced that species-specific factors and/or effects are involved in pairwise interactions, and that A. niger may represent a highly competitive species dominating in dual cultures over competitors.
후속연구
The aim of this work was to evaluate pairwise in vitro interactions among fungal isolates obtained from a phosphorous-poor desert oasis, under different nutrient conditions to explore their inter- and intraspecific interactions. The experiments were conducted using isolates from the Churince system, in the Chihuahuan desert, an oligotrophic oasis, now mostly dry [12] in order to increase baseline knowledge on the functioning of this endangered region. We hypothesize that beneficial interactions will dominate under low-nutrients media in accordance with the stress-gradient hypothesis.
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