[논문]자연유황 회복을 위한 댐 운영에 따른 금강의 물리서식처 변화 분석

최병웅; 장지연; 최성욱

doi:10.3741/jkwra.2021.54.11.985

[국내논문] 자연유황 회복을 위한 댐 운영에 따른 금강의 물리서식처 변화 분석
Investigation of the change in physical habitat in the Geum-gang River by modifying dam operations to natural flow regime 원문보기

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association = 한국수자원학회논문집, v.54 no.11, 2021년, pp.985 - 998

최병웅 (환경부 국립환경과학원 영산강물환경연구소) , 장지연 (연세대학교 건설환경공학과) , 최성욱 (연세대학교 건설환경공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

일반적으로 상류의 댐은 하류 유황을 자연 상태에서 발전방류 조건으로 심각하게 변화시킨다. 본 연구에서는 물리서식처모의를 통하여 국내 조절하천에서 자연유황 패턴이 하류의 어류 서식처에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구 대상하도는 금강의 용담댐 하류 13.4 km 구간으로 설정하였다. 현장조사 결과, 대상하도에서 피라미, 쉬리, 그리고 끄리가 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들이 전체의 70%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이중 끄리는 금강에 서식하는 토착어종이다. 이들 3종을 물리서식처모의를 위한 대상어종으로 선정하였다. 수리해석과 서식처모의를 위하여 2차원 천수방정식에 기반한 Nays2D 모형과 HIS 모형을 각각 사용하였다. 자연 유황에 따른 영향을 검토하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 댐 유입 유량과 발전유량을 이용하였다. 물리서식처모의 결과, 자연유황 조건에서 대상하도의 복합서식처지수가 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 BBA 방법을 이용하여 대상하도에 자연유황에 대한 댐 운영 시나리오를 제시하였다. 시나리오 1을 위하여 유입유량의 양과 지속기간을 고려하는 수문학적 방법을 이용하였고, 시나리오 2는 유입유량을 월별로 평균하여 구축하였다. 시나리오 1과 시나리오 2를 통해서 구현된 자연유황 조건이 발전방류에 비해 가중가용면적을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 댐 운영을 자연유황 조건으로 변환시켜 방류하였을 때 하류의 어류 서식처를 개선하는데 도움이 되는 것으로 확인되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

In general, the upstream dam changes downstream flow regime dramatically, i.e., from natural flow regime to hydropeaking flows. This study investigates the impact of the natural flow pattern on downstream fish habitat in a regulated river in Korea using the physical habitat simulation. The study area is a 13.4 km long reach of the Geum-gang River, located downstream from the Yongdam Dam, Korea. A field monitoring revealed that three fish species are dominant, namely Zacco platypus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, and Opsariichthys bidens, and they account for 70% of the total fish community. Specially, Opsariichthys bidens is an indigenous species in the Geum-gang River. The three fish species are selected as target fish species for the physical habitat simulation. The Nays2D model, a 2D shallow water equation solver, and the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model are used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. To assess the impact of the natural flow pattern, this study uses the annual natural flow regime and hydropeaking flows from the dam. It is found that the natural flow regime increases significantly the Composite Suitability Index (CSI) in the study reach. Then, using the Building Block Approach (BBA), the scenarios for the modifying dam operations are presented in the study reach. Both Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are proposed by using the hydrological method considering both magnitude and duration of the inflow and averaging the inflow over each month, respectively. It is revealed that the natural flow regime embodied in scenario 1 and scenario 2 increases the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) significantly, compared to the hydropeaking flows. In conclusion, the modifying the dam operations by restoring to the natural flow pattern is advantageous to fish community.

주제어

표/그림 (13)

그림 Fig. 1. Study area
그림 Fig. 2. Target fishes
그림 Fig. 3. Validation of hydraulic modelling
그림 Fig. 4. Habitat Suitability Curve for target fishes
그림 Fig. 5. Longitudinal distribution of composite suitability index for target fish species
표 Table 1. Target species and their preferred ranges of physical habitat variables
그림 Fig. 6. Natural flow regime and hydropeaking flows in 2016
그림 Fig. 7. CSI distributions for the target fish species
그림 Fig. 8. Change of WUA with time
그림 Fig. 9. Scenario 1 and 2 using the Building Block Approach
그림 Fig. 10. Change of normalized physical habitat with discharge
그림 Fig. 11. CSI distributions for the target fish species
그림 Fig. 12. Change of WUA with time

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