[논문]공연장에서의 가변음향에 대한 고찰

현진오; 정대업

doi:10.7776/ask.2021.40.6.626

공연장에서의 가변음향에 대한 고찰
Variable Acoustics in performance venues- A review 원문보기

한국음향학회지= The journal of the acoustical society of Korea, v.40 no.6, 2021년, pp.626 - 648

현진오 (J Acoustic Team) , 정대업 (Jeonbuk National University)

초록
AI-Helper

국내에서는 다양한 공연장르를 운영할 수 있는 다목적 공연장의 수요와 그에 따른 공급이 지속적으로 증가해오고 있다. 그러나 음향적인 측면에서는 다목적 활용에 대응하는 실질적인 고려가 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 많은 시행 착오를 거듭하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 장르의 공연이 한 공간에서 이루어질 수 있도록 실의 음향특성을 변경하는 방법들을 문헌고찰을 통해 살펴보았다. 실의 음향특성을 용도에 맞게 변화시키는 것을 가변음향이라고 하며, 수동 및 능동제어방식으로 구분된다. 수동제어방식은 가변흡음, 용적가변, 부가잔향실법, 그리고 캐노피 반사 등의 방식으로 구분되는 건축적인 가변방식이며, 능동제어방식은 In-line, Regenerative 그리고 Hybrid 시스템으로 전기적인 방법에 의해 제어된다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 수동제어방식들이 실제 다목적 공연장 및 다양한 장르에 적용된 사례와 그 장단점을 살펴보았다. 또한 각각의 능동제어방식이 적용된 시스템들을 살펴보고, 실제 다목적 공연장에 적용된 사례와 그에 따른 음향적 변화에 대해 알아보았다. 마지막으로 가변음향시스템을 활용한 다목적 홀의 기획 및 설계 단계에서 고려사항을 제안하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Domestically, demands for multi-purpose performance venues which accommodate various performance genres have increased. However, those venues have limited capability and confined to a primary performance. The present work investigated various methods for controlling the acoustics of room for required performance genres by reviewing aurally presented and published materials. The method of varying the acoustics of a space is called Variable Acoustics, and adjusted in either passive and active ways. Passive control encompasses variable absorption, variable volume, coupled volume, and canopy reflectors, where the acoustics of a room is controlled in an architectural way. Active control includes In-line, Regenerative, and Hybrid systems where the acoustics of a room is manipulated electronically. The mechanism and application of each passive control system in existing venues are reviewed and their pros and cons are discussed. Also, the concept of each active systems and product applications are looked at through literature reviews. Lastly, some considerations that need to be taken into in the planning and design stage of a multi-purpose hall using Variable Acoustics are suggested.

주제어

표/그림 (42)

그림 Fig. 1. (Color available online) Number of registered performance venues and Cultural & Art centers in Korea.^[3]
그림 Fig. 2. (Color available online) Recommended RTs for amplified acoustic events depending on the volume of a space.^[4,7,8]
표 Table 1. Recommended occupied reverberation times at mid frequencies (500 Hz - 1,000 Hz) depending on performance genres.
그림 Fig. 3. (Color available online) Examples of acoustic roller banner, installed along the sidewalls.^[11]
그림 Fig. 4. (Color available online) Movable sound absorbing panels, installed along the side balcony walls in the Symphony Hall, Birmingham, UK.
그림 Fig. 5. (Color available online) Examples of hinged panels, reflective on one side and absorbent on the other. (a) Single hinged panels, (b) double hinged panels (after Everest^[14]).
그림 Fig. 6. (Color available online) Rotating panel absorbers, installed in the auditorium Calzedonia (after Cairoli^[15]).
그림 Fig. 7. (Color available online) L’Espace de projection and rotating prism installed. Above: Inside view from the stage. Below: Possible configurations obtained by rotating prisms (after Shtrephi et al.^[16]).
그림 Fig. 8. (Color available online) Rotating cylinders installed on the concert hall (the Academy of Music in Zagreb) ceiling (lower part of the figure) for changeable acoustics (after Jambrošić^[19]).
그림 Fig. 9. (Color available online) Examples of inflatable absorbers, installed on the ceiling (after N. W. Adelman- Larsen^[20]).
그림 Fig. 10. (Color available online) The sound absorption coefficients of wide band variable absorber (after Adelman-Larsen^[22]).
그림 Fig. 11. (Color available online) Jesse Jones performing arts hall. (after Klepper et al.^[24]).
그림 Fig. 13. (Color available online) Sala Sao Paulo, Brasil (after Tenenbaum et al.^[25]).
그림 Fig. 12. Variable volume control in Milton Keynes Theatre (Buckinghamshire, UK). Section through the auditorium showing the three heights of the moving ceiling (after Orlowski^[24]).
그림 Fig. 14. (Color available online) Fartein Valen hall, Norway, movable acoustic ceiling with 8 elements, up to 30 tons each.^[27]
표 Table 2. Ceiling height changes and resulting room volume in Fartein Valen hall, Norway.^[28]
그림 Fig. 15. Sketch of tunable shell in Vaudeville stagehouse with and without concert hall shaper: (a) Coupled stage house-low volume hall with no draperies, (b) coupled stage house-low volume hall with draperies, (c) coupled stage house-low volume hall with no drapes, (d) coupled stage house-low volume hall with draperies and cut-off ceiling (after Jaffe^[39]).
그림 Fig. 16. (Color available online) Low-frequency absorbers installed the hard surfaces of the stage tower in Groβes Haus Staatstheater (after Zha^[40]).
그림 Fig. 17. (Color available online) Coupled reverberation chamber installed at the upper parts of stage the Symphony Hall, Birmingham, UK.
그림 Fig. 18. (Color available online) The Concert Hall in the KKL Luzern.^[43]
그림 Fig. 19. (Color available online) Coupled reverberation chamber in Sibelius Hall.^[46]
그림 Fig. 20. (Color available online) Coupled volume installed at the upper parts of the Heydar Aliyev Center Auditorium (located above ceiling in between auditorium shell and roof/wall main structure) (after Sü-Gül^[48]).
그림 Fig. 21. (Color available online) Coupled volume installed at the upper parts of the Carol Morsani Hall (Festival Hall) in Tampa.^[50]
표 Table 3. Configurations of coupled volume and target RTs depending on the required activity in the auditorium in Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center^[48].
그림 Fig. 22. (Color available online) Music Shed at Tanglewood. Suspend sound reflecting panels are installed on the ceiling.^[53]
그림 Fig. 23. Varying clarity, C80 with a fixed reverberation time using suspended reflecting panels or canopy (after Klepper^[55]).
그림 Fig. 24. (Color available online) Adjustable acoustic canopy installed on the ceiling of Segerstrom Concert Hall.^[57]
그림 Fig. 25. (Color available online) Adjustable acoustic canopy installed on the ceiling of Verizon Hall.^[58]
그림 Fig. 26. (a) The space concept of reverberation, (b) the time concept of reverberation.
그림 Fig. 27. The block diagram of Moorer's reverberator. (a) Tapped delay for early reflections part, (b) Schroeder' reverberator part.^[66]
그림 Fig. 28. The Block diagram of fourth-order FDN (feedback delay network).
그림 Fig. 29. The concept of in-line system.
그림 Fig. 30. The concept of regenerative system.
그림 Fig. 31. The concept of hybrid system.
그림 Fig. 32. The concept of AR system.
그림 Fig. 33. The concept of MCR system.
그림 Fig. 34. The concept of ERES system.
그림 Fig. 35. The Concept of LARES system.
그림 Fig. 36. The concept of carmen system.
그림 Fig. 37. The concept of VIVACE system.
그림 Fig. 38. The concept of AFC system.
그림 Fig. 39. The concept of Constellation system.

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상세보기
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상세보기
Y. Toyota, M. Komoda, D. Beckmann, M. Quiquerez, and E. Bergal, Concert Hall by Nagata Acoustics-Thirty Years of Acoustical Design for Music Venues and Vineyard-Style Auditoria- (Springer Nature, Cham Switzerland, 2020), pp. 329.

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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