[논문]동시베리아해 비구형 망가니즈단괴의 특성

구효진; 박무성; 서충만; 조현구

doi:10.22807/kjmp.2021.34.4.241

동시베리아해 비구형 망가니즈단괴의 특성
Characteristics of Non-Spherical Manganese Nodule from the East Siberian Sea 원문보기

광물과 암석 = Korean journal of mineralogy and petrology, v.34 no.4, 2021년, pp.241 - 253

구효진 (경상국립대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) , 박무성 (경상국립대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) , 서충만 (경상국립대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) , 조현구 (경상국립대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소)

초록
AI-Helper

유라시아 대륙 주변부 북극해의 천해에서도 태평양이나 인도양의 심해저에서와 같이 많은 망가니즈단괴가 발견되고 있지만, 이에 관한 자세한 연구는 많이 수행되고 있지 않다. 아라온호의 북극해 탐사를 통하여 동시베리아해에서 채취한 망가니즈단괴는 Mn/Fe 비가 매우 높아 Mn 자원으로서의 가능성이 매우 크다. 이번 연구에서는 북극 동시베리아해에서 산출되는 망가니즈단괴 중 약 7%를 차지하는 비구형 단괴를 외부형태에 따라 구분하고, 크기와 무게, 내부조직을 관찰하였으며, X선회절분석 그래프의 피크 면적비를 이용한 산화망가니즈광물의 반정량 분석과 지화학분석을 실시하여, 그 결과를 구형 단괴와 비교하였다. 비구형 망가니즈단괴는 외부형태에 따라 5가지로 구분되며, 타원체형, 판상형과 불규칙형이 대부분을 차지하며, 장경과 무게는 비례하는 경향이 있다. 비구형 단괴는 모두 핵을 가지며, 핵 성분은 이질 퇴적물이 주를 이룬다. 산화망 가니즈광물의 평균 함량은 버네사이트, 부서라이트, 토도로카이트 순으로 감소하며, 함량비는 외부형태, 내부조직이나 핵 성분과는 상관관계가 없지만, 단괴의 내부에서 외부로 갈수록 토도로카이트와 부서라이트는 감소하고, 버네사이트가 증가하는 경향이 있다. 북극해의 다른 천해는 물론 태평양이나 인도양의 심해저의 단괴에 비하여 Mn 함량이 많고, Mn/Fe 비가 높다. 비구형 단괴는 구형 단괴에 비하여 크기가 크고 무겁고, Mn 함량이 적고 Mn/Fe 비는 낮지만, 광물조성이나 내부조직에서는 큰 차이가 없다. 동시베리아해에서 채취된 모든 망간단괴는 Mn/Fe 비가 5 이상으로 높으므로 대부분 속성작용에 의하여 형성된 것으로 여겨진다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Manganese nodules have been found in the shallow water depth of the Arctic Ocean as well as in the abyssal plains of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, but detailed study for them were rarely investigated. Manganese nodules, collected from the East Siberian Sea through the Arctic Expedition using Araon ice braking vessel, have a high potential for Mn mineral resources because they have high Mn content with high Mn/Fe ratio. This study investigated the external form, size and weight, internal texture for the non-spherical manganese nodule, which has about 7 % of total nodule from the East Siberian Sea. This study also researched the relative Mn-oxide mineral composition using the peak area ratio of X-ray diffraction pattern and their chemical composition. All data obtained from non-spherical nodules were compared with the spherical ones. Ellipsoidal, platy and irregular types are common among 5 groups of non-spherical manganese nodule based on the external form, and major axis and weight have positive relationship. All non-spherical manganese nodules have core mainly composed of mud sediments. The average Mn oxide mineral contents in nodules are birnessite, buserite and todorokite in descending order. Although mineral composition does not show any correlation with the external form, kind of core or internal structure, todorokite and buserite contents tend to increase and birnessite content decrease from the surface to the core in the nodule. Non-spherical manganese nodules have higher Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than those from the shallow water depth of the Arctic Sea and even in the deep-sea of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Although non-spherical nodule is larger and heavier, and has lower Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than spherical nodule, there are not any differences in mineral composition and internal structure between them. Almost all manganese nodules collected from the East Siberian Sea are attributed to diagenetic process, because they are higher than 5 in Mn/Fe ratio.

주제어

표/그림 (12)

그림 Fig. 1. Location of sampling site with the ratio of spherical and non-spherical Mn nodule in the East Siberian Sea.
표 Table 1. Information of manganese nodules for sampling station from the East Siberian Sea during the ARA09C Expedition
그림 Fig. 2. Classification of non-spherical Mn nodule based on the external form. E type; Ellipsoidal-type, T-type; Tabular-type, P type; Poly-nucleate-type, Tu type; Tube-type, I type; Irregular-type.
표 Table 2. Average size and weight of non-spherical Mn nodules for external shape from the East Siberian Sea
그림 Fig. 3. Weight and major axis relation for non-spherical Mn nodule with external type. Abbreviations are the same as in the Fig. 2.
그림 Fig. 4. Polished-section photographs and sketches of the non-spherical Mn-nodule from the East Siberian Sea. P; porous structure, L; layered structure, Fe; Fe-oxide layer, C; core.
그림 Fig. 5. The backscattered-electron (BSE) images and elemental maps (Mn, Fe, Si and P) of the non-spherical Mn nodule. Abbreviations are the same as in the Fig. 4. Scale bar indicates 250 µm.
그림 Fig. 6. Mn content vs. Mn/Fe ratio of non-spherical Mn nodule from the study area. Data from the Cook Island (Hein et al., 2015) and Peru Basin (Wegorzewski and Kuhn, 2014) are plotted for comparison.
표 Table 3. Chemical composition of non-spherical Mn nodules from the East Siberian Sea. Chemical composition of deep sea Mn nodules were summarized for comparison
그림 Fig. 7. Representative XRD patterns used for the calculation of manganese oxide mineral composition in the manganese nodule. (A) todorokite 69%, birnessite 28%, buserite 3% (ARA09C-St38-354-D, T type, porous structure, inner part) (B) todorokite 19%, birnessite 31%, buserite 50% (ARA10C-St42-489-C, I type, layered structure, inner part).
그림 Fig. 8. Ternary diagrams of buserite-todorokite-birnessite contents for the non-spherical Mn nodule depending on (A) internal structure, (B) lamellae depths within the nodule. Bus; buserite, Bir; birnessite, Tod; Todorokite.
표 Table 4. Semi-quantitative Mn-oxide mineral compositions of non-spherical Mn nodules from the East Siberian Sea

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