[논문]Effect of extraction conditions on radical scavenging and cholesterol metabolism regulating capacity of silkworm larvae

Kim, Soo Hyun; Jo, You-Young; Kweon, HaeYong; Lee, Ji Hae

doi:10.7852/ijie.2021.43.2.45

[국내논문] Effect of extraction conditions on radical scavenging and cholesterol metabolism regulating capacity of silkworm larvae 원문보기

International journal of industrial entomology, v.43 no.2, 2021년, pp.45 - 51

Kim, Soo Hyun (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) , Jo, You-Young (Research Policy Bureau, Rural Development Administration) , Kweon, HaeYong (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) , Lee, Ji Hae (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

High blood cholesterol levels and oxidized cholesterol are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which displays high annual incidence. Although studies on sericulture products, including pupae, silk protein, and blood lymph, as hypocholesterolemic substances have been reported, insufficient research in this field has been focused on silkworm larvae. Six larval extracts (Low temperature distilled water, LW; hot temperature distilled water, HW; and 30-100% ethanol, E30-E100) were prepared, and their effects on cholesterol metabolism were examined. LW most potently reduced the risk of cholesterol-related disorders. Polyphenols were highly represented in LW, corresponding with its increased antioxidant potency. The cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was strongly inhibited by LW. Hepatocytes over-expressed LDL receptor (LDLR) after LW stimulation, promoting cholesterol elimination from plasma. LW also increased ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene expression, upregulating HDL biogenesis. In conclusion, LW exhibited strong antioxidant activity, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis, improved LDL uptake from plasma, and upregulated HDL biosynthesis. In aggregate, these activities could reduce blood cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease.

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표/그림 (6)

그림 Fig. 1. Extraction temperature and solvents Samples were extracted at 25°C or 100°C using distilled water (DW), or 30%, 50%, 70%, or 100% ethanol. Abbreviations are DW extract at 100°C (HW), DW extract at 25°C (LW), 30% ethanol extract at 25°C (E30), 50% ethanol at 25°C (E50), 70% fermented ethanol at 25°C (E70), and absolute ethanol at 25°C (E100).
그림 Fig. 2. Antioxidant compound contents of silkworm larvae Total polyphenol (A) and flavonoid (B) contents in six types of silkworm larvae extracts were quantified. Gallic acid and naringin were used as standard compounds. Abbreviations are gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and naringin equivalent (NE). Data are expressed as means ± SD.
그림 Fig. 3. Antioxidant activity of silkworm larvae DPPH (A) and ABTS (B) radical scavenging effects in six types of silkworm larvae extracts were examined. Antioxidant activity was expressed as an IC₅₀ against each radical. Abbreviations are 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀). Data are expressed as means ± SD.
그림 Fig. 4. Inhibitory effect of silkworm larvae on HMGCR HMGCR is a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Enzyme activity was measured after addition of six types of silkworm larvae extracts. The blank group indicates background activity without enzyme. The activity group contained HMGCR enzyme and substrate. Statins are positive controls for HMGCR inhibition. Data are expressed as means ± SD.
그림 Fig. 5. mRNA expression level in HepG2 cells after stimulation with six types of silkworm larvae extracts Major genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, including SREBP2 (A), LDLR (B), and ABCA1 (C), were compared using real-time PCR. SREBP2 regulates transcription of cholesterol metabolism genes including LDLR. LDLR removes plasma LDL and delivers it to intracellular site. ABCA1 contributes to generation of mature HDL. Fold changes were calculated using cycle threshold (Ct) values. Data are expressed as means ± SD.
그림 Fig. 6. Effect of silkworm larvae on cholesterol metabolism Silkworm larvae extracted using low temperature DW showed the most effective regulation of cholesterol metabolism via three pathways. First, high antioxidant activity and polyphenol content reduce cholesterol oxidation. Second, the extract reduces HMGCR activity, suppressing cholesterol biosynthesis. Third, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced by up-regulation of LDLR and ABCA1.

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