[논문]무인 항공사진측량 정보를 기반으로 한 산사태 수치해석 및 위험도 평가

최재희; 최봉진; 김남균; 이창우; 서준표; 전병희

doi:10.12652/ksce.2021.41.6.0675

무인 항공사진측량 정보를 기반으로 한 산사태 수치해석 및 위험도 평가
Estimation of Potential Risk and Numerical Simulations of Landslide Disaster based on UAV Photogrammetry 원문보기

KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research = 대한토목학회논문집, v.41 no.6, 2021년, pp.675 - 686

최재희 (강원대학교 방재전문대학원) , 최봉진 (강원대학교 방재전문대학원) , 김남균 (산림조합중앙회 산림종합기술본부) , 이창우 (국립산림과학원 산불산사태연구과) , 서준표 (국립산림과학원 산불산사태연구과) , 전병희 (강원대학교 방재전문대학원)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 폐석적치장 하부 경사지에서 발생하고 있는 지반변위를 조사하고 산사태에 의한 재해 가능성에 대해 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 무인 항공기 사진측량을 실시하여 지반변위의 크기와 범위를 조사하였다. 2019년 4월부터 2020년 7월까지 5회의 무인 항공기 측량의 평균 오차율은 0.011 - 0.034 m이었으며, 토층의 이동으로 2.97 m의 표고 변화가 발생하였다. 급경사지 중 일부 구역만 표고 변화를 보이며 이것은 상부의 폐석 하중의 영향보다는 강우 시 발생한 지하수에 의한 땅밀림에 의한 것으로 판단된다. LS-RAPID 시뮬레이션을 위한 민감도 분석을 실시하였으며, 지형자료로서 DEM과 DSM을 각각 10 m, 5 m, 4 m 격자로 적용하여 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 공간 해상도가 높은 자료를 이용하면 DEM에서는 산사태 물질의 퇴적 범위가 지나치게 확대되는 경향을 보인 반면, 지형을 세밀하게 반영한 DSM을 적용한 결과에서는 공간 해상도 변하여도 확산범위는 크게 영향을 받지 않으며 하천형상에 따른 퇴적 거동을 정밀하게 표현할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 DEM보다 DSM을 적용하는 것이 퇴적범위가 크게 확대되지 않으며, 현장상황을 잘 반영한 결과가 얻어지는 것으로 평가되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study investigated the ground displacement occurring in a slope below a waste-rock dumping site and estimated the likelihood of a disaster due to a landslide. To start with, photogrammetry was conducted by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to investigate the size and extent of the ground displacement. From April 2019 to July 2020, the average error rate of the five UAV surveys was 0.011-0.034 m, and an elevation change of 2.97 m occurred due to the movement of the soil layer. Only some areas of the slope showedelevation change, and this was believed to be due to thegroundwater generated during rainfall rather than the effect of the waste-rock load at the top. Sensitivity analysis for LS-RAPID simulation was performed, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed by applying a digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM)as terrain data with 10 m, 5 m, and 4 m grids. When data with high spatial resolution were used, the extent of the sedimentation of landslide material tended to be excessively expanded in the DEM. In contrast, in the result of applying a DSM, which reflects the topography in detail, the diffusion range was not significantly affected even when the spatial resolution was changed, and the sedimentation behavior according to the river shape could be accurately expressed. As a result, it was concluded that applying a DSM rather than a DEM does not significantly expand the sedimentation range, and results that reflect the site situation well can be obtained.

주제어

표/그림 (18)

그림 Fig. 1. Aerial View of Research Area
그림 Fig. 2. Orthophoto Images on at Different Dates
표 Table 1. Conditions and Errors in Each Photogrammetry Session
그림 Fig. 3. Flow Chart for Digital Surface Model Generation
그림 Fig. 4. (A) Orthophoto, (B) Digital Elevation Model, and (C) Digital Surface Model of the Research Area
그림 Fig. 5. Landslide Investigation of the Research Area
그림 Fig. 6. Surface Elevation Variation of the Research Area
표 Table 2. Volume of Rising or Subsidence in Slope Area according to Date
그림 Fig. 7. Basic Principle of LS-RAPID: (A)Column Element within a Moving Landslide Mass, (B) Balance of Acting Forces on a Column
그림 Fig. 8. Friction Coefficients and Shear Resistance
그림 Fig. 9. Parameters in LS-RAPID Program
그림 Fig. 10. Sensivity Analysis of Τ_SS and k
표 Table 3. Parameters in LS-Rapid Simulation
그림 Fig. 11. Contour Map in the (A) Digital Elevation Model and (B) Digital Surface Model
그림 Fig. 12. LS-RAPID Results for Different Resolution Geomorphology Data at 32 Sec
그림 Fig. 13. Overlays of Orthophoto and Mass Deposition Area
그림 Fig. 14. Longitudinal Profile for Mass Deposition with the (A) Digital Elevation Model and (B) Digital Surface Model
표 Table 4. Comparison of Mass Deposition Area (unit : m²)

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