[논문]The effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions of Korean Holstein and Jersey cows

Lim, Dong-Hyun; Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar; Ki, Kwang-Seok; Kim, Younghoon; Kim, Tae-Il

doi:10.5713/ajas.19.0926

The effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions of Korean Holstein and Jersey cows 원문보기

Animal bioscience, v.34 no.4, 2021년, pp.567 - 574

Lim, Dong-Hyun (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) , Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) , Ki, Kwang-Seok (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) , Kim, Younghoon (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) , Kim, Tae-Il (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions between Holstein and Jersey dairy cows under the temperate-climate in Korea. Methods: A total of 9 Holstein lactating dairy cows (2.0±0.11 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 29.77±0.45 kg, and days in milk of 111.2±10.29 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments in each season. Also, a total of 9 Jersey lactating dairy cows (1.7±0.12 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 20.01±0.43 kg, and days in milk of 114.0±9.74 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments. Results: Results showed that the average ambient temperature (℃) and temperature-humidity index (THI) were higher in summer, and were lower in winter (p<0.05). The average relative humidity (RH, %) was higher in autumn than that of other seasons (p<0.05). Milk production was significantly decreased (Holstein 29.02 kg/d and Jersey 19.75 kg/d) in autumn than in other seasons (Holstein 30.14 kg/d and Jersey 20.96 kg/d). However, the milk production was negatively correlated in Holstein cows, and positively correlated in Jersey cows with THI values increased from 16 to 80. In addition, milk yield was increased by 15% in Holstein cows and decreased by 11% in Jersey cows with the THI values increased from 16 to 20. The fat and protein content percentage was significantly higher in Jersey milk than in Holstein milk, furthermore the fat and protein content yield was higher in Jersey cow milk than that of Holstein cow's milk with all THIs. Conclusion: From the study results, we concluded that Jersey cows might be less adaptable to low temperature of the winter, and this would have a negative impact on dairy farmer income since Korea's milk price estimation system places a higher value on milk yield than on milk compositions or sanitary grades.

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표/그림 (7)

표 Table 1. Environmental conditions during the experimental periods
표 Table 2. The effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production between the Holstein and Jersey cows
그림 Figure 1. Milk yield of Holstein and Jersey cows against seasonal thermal changes. In Holstein cows, the lowered milk production (a) was observed during autumn season as compared to other seasons. In Jersey cows, the lowered milk production (b) was noted during autumn and winter when compared to other seasons. Values are expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. ^a,b Means with different superscripts in the row indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
그림 Figure 2. Milk yield and change rate of Holstein and Jersey cows against temperature-humidity index (THI) in Korean seasonal thermal changes. The milk production was negatively correlated in Holstein cows (a), and positively correlated in Jersey cows (b) with THI values increased from 16 to 80. The milk yield was increased by 15% in Holstein cows and decreased by 11% in Jersey cows as the THI values increased from 16 to 80 compared with the THI of 66 to 70 (c). Values are expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. ^a-c Means with different superscripts in the row indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
표 Table 3. The effect of temperature-humidity index on milk production and changing rate between the Holstein and Jersey cows based on the temperature-humidity index of 66-70
표 Table 4. The effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk composition between the Holstein and Jersey cows
표 Table 5. The effect of temperature-humidity index on milk composition between the Holstein and Jersey cows

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문제 정의

However, the relationship between breed and responses to seasonal HS has not been studied in Korea. Therefore, the objective of the current experiment was to evaluate the effects of seasonal changes on milk production and milk composition of Jersey breed compared with Holstein breed in Korea.

제안 방법

The cows were milked two times a day (06:00 and 17:00 h) and milk yield of the individual cows was recorded at each milking on all experimental periods. Milk samples were collected from each cow twice daily at morning (06:00 h) and afternoon (17:00 h) biweekly, and was analyzed for protein, fat, and somatic cells using with a LactoScop (MK2, Delta Instruments, Drachten, the Netherlands).
Tuckey’s test was used to separate the means when significance was indicated. The effects of a breed and THI, or breed and season on the milk production and milk composition were analyzed by using the mixed procedure with a restricted maximum likelihood model. The breed, THI or season, and their interactions were included as fixed effects.

대상 데이터

74 were selected similarly at the beginning of the season. The experiment was carried out from January 2016 to July 2017. The cows were raised under the same management and environmental conditions and housed in an open loose barn.
The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Resources Development, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Cheonan, Republic of Korea (36°55′53.2″ North, 127°06′22.1″ East, 23 m altitude). All dairy cows were maintained as stated in standard guidelines, and the experimental protocol involved in this research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.

데이터처리

The effects of the THIs and seasons on the milk production and milk compositions of each breed (Holstein and Jersey cows) were analyzed by using the oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tuckey’s test was used to separate the means when significance was indicated.

성능/효과

cold stress [13]. Among our study results, the average daily Ta exceeded 20℃ on 8.65% of the time in the spring, 92.00% in the summer, and 24.65% in the autumn season. Also, average daily Ta ≤5 was recorded on 10.
The average milk yield in Holstein cows was increased by 7% to 15% when the THI values decreased from 2630 to 1620. However, milk yield for Jersey cows dropped by 4% to 5% for THI values between 21 and 50, and reduced by 11% when the range of THI is 16 to 20. But the average milk yield was not affected by HS between the Holstein and Jersey cows with a THI value of 66 to 70.
In particular, the study results showed the different trends in the milk production of Holstein and Jersey cows, when the THI values increased from 16 to 80. A negative regression slope line was observed in Holstein cow’s milk production as THI increased from 16 to 80.
Also, the milk yield dropped by 4% to 5% in Jersey cows, when THI values were between 21 and 50, and a loss of 11% when the THI values reached 16 to 20. Our study results confirmed that the LCT and upper critical temperature affected the milk yield in Holstein and Jersey cows, particularly, Jersey cows experienced more cold stress than Holstein cows during each season in Korea.
05). The results showed that the average RH was significantly highest in autumn (72.51%) and was significantly lowest in spring season (59.75%) (p<0.05). The average daily THI ≥72 was observed to be 0.
17%) season. The study results confirmed that the cows may suffer from both the heat and cold stress in spring and autumn season, particularly cows experienced the stress with higher RH (>80%) in autumn season than in spring season.
4. The study results showed that the milk fat percentage was higher in the winter (Holstein 4.19%, Jersey 5.62%) among the seasons in all breed’s milk (p<0.05). In Jersey cows, the milk fat percentage was lower (4.
But, the yield of milk fat and protein content was higher in Holstein cows than in Jersey cows in all the THI ranges. Therefore, this study confirmed that Jersey cows were less adaptable to low temperature of the winter, which resulting in lower milk productivity. It seems to have a negative impact on dairy farmer income under Korea’s milk price estimation system, which places a higher value on milk yield than on milk composition or sanitary grades.

후속연구

It seems to have a negative impact on dairy farmer income under Korea’s milk price estimation system, which places a higher value on milk yield than on milk composition or sanitary grades. Further studies are needed to improve the adaptability of domestic breeding Jersey cows to a low temperature environment.

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