[논문]신갈나무의 부후에 관여하는 곰팡이 분리 및 동정

HAM, Youngseok; AN, Ji-Eun; LEE, Soo Min; CHUNG, Sang-Hoon; KIM, Sun Hee; PARK, Mi-Jin

doi:10.5658/wood.2021.49.3.234

신갈나무의 부후에 관여하는 곰팡이 분리 및 동정
Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Decay of Quercus mongolica 원문보기

목재공학 = Journal of the Korean wood science and technology, v.49 no.3, 2021년, pp.234 - 253

HAM, Youngseok (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , AN, Ji-Eun (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , LEE, Soo Min (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) , CHUNG, Sang-Hoon (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) , KIM, Sun Hee (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) , PARK, Mi-Jin (Division of Wood Chemistry, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science)

초록
AI-Helper

신갈나무는 국내 전역에 두루 분포되어 있는 경제, 산업적으로 활용 가치가 큰 수종이지만, 변색, 부후 등의 열화에 의한 피해가 심각하다. 이러한 이유로 신갈나무의 부후는 목재로써의 활용에 걸림돌이 되나, 부후 요인에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 신갈나무 부후에 영향하는 요인으로 곰팡이에 주목하였으며, 신갈나무의 부후 부위로부터 곰팡이를 분리, 동정하였다. 또한, 동정 된 곰팡이가 실제로 목재 열화에 영향을 미치는지 확인하기 위해 효소 활성을 평가하고, 곰팡이를 처리한 신갈나무 목재의 질량 손실을 목재 부후 실험을 통해 측정하였다. 신갈나무에서 분리된 곰팡이 5종의 genomic DNA의 ITS region을 이용한 염기서열 분석을 통해, Mucoromycota phylum에 속하는 Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, 그리고 Umbelopsis isabellina 3종과 Ascomycota phylum에 속하는 Ophiostoma piceae와 Aureobasidium melanogenum 2종의 곰팡이가 동정되었다. 이러한 5종의 곰팡이는 목재의 부후와 관련된 cellulase나 laccase와 같은 효소 활성이 있으며, 실제로 신갈나무의 심재와 변재의 중량을 감소시켰다. 특히, cellulase와 laccase 활성을 모두 보유한 O. piceae와 A. melanogenum는 신갈나무의 중량을 각각 6.9%와 1.5% 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 본 연구에서 동정된 5종의 곰팡이가 신갈나무의 열화에 영향한다는 것을 의미하며, 신갈나무에 대한 목재 부후균으로써의 가능성을 시사한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Quercus mongolica has a high utilization value in industrial economic sector. The species is distributed throughout Korea, however, the damage caused by deterioration such as discoloration and decay is severe. For this reason, the deterioration of Q. mongolica is an obstacle to its use as wood, but research on deterioration factors is insufficient. In this study, we focused on fungi as a factor influencing the deterioration of Q. mongolica, and isolated and identified the fungi from the deteriorated Q. mongolica. In additions, in order to confirm whether the identified fungi actually affects wood deterioration, enzyme activities of the identified fungi were evaluated and related mass loss of wood treated with the fungi was measured by wood decay test. As a result of sequencing analysis using the ITS region of the genomic DNA of the fungi isolated from Q. mongolica, Mucor circinelloides, Cunninghamella elegans, and Umbelopsis isabellina 3 species belonging to Mucoromycota phylum, and Ophiostoma piceae and Aureobasidium melanogenum 2 species belonging to Ascomycota phylum were identified. These five fungi had enzyme (i.e. cellulase, laccase) activities related to wood decay and reduced the mass of heartwood and sapwood of Q. mongolica in practice. In particular, O. piceae and A. melanogenum, which have both cellulase and laccase activities, showed 6.9% and 1.5% mass loss, respectively. These results indicated that five fungi identified in this study influence the deterioration of Q. mongolica and are wood decaying fungi for Q. mongolica potentially.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. The cut surface of the deteriorated Q. mongolica.
그림 Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of five fungi nucleotide from a BLAST search at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. A neighbor-joining method with a bootstrap of 1,000 replications was used.
표 Table 1. Identification results of fungi isolated from deteriorated Q. mongolica
그림 Fig. 3. Morphological characteristics of mycelial colonies isolated from deteriorated Q. mongolica. All fungi were inoculated on 90 mm diamter PD agar plate and cultured at 25℃. (A) M. circinelloides, (B) C. elegans, (C) U. isabellina, (D) O. piceae, (E) A. melanogenum.
표 Table 2. Comparisons of mycelial growth according to pH and temperature conditions
그림 Fig. 4. Cellulase (A) and laccase (B) activities of five fungi isolated in this study. The cellulase and laccase activities of fungi were measured using CMC and ABTS, respectively, as substrates. All culture conditions were 25℃, and each activity was measured after two days for cellulase and five days for laccase. CMC assay was performed on a 50 mm plate, and ABTS assay was performed on a 90 mm plate. A. M. circinelloides, B. C. elegans, C. U. isabellina, D. O. piceae, E. A. melanogenum. N.D is an abbreviation for not detected, meaning that no enzyme activity was observed.
그림 Fig. 5. Deterioration test on heartwood (A) and sapwood (B) of five fungi isolated in this study. The wood decay test was carried out for forty days at 25℃ and 70% humidity conditions. N.C: negative control (No fungi inoculation) P.O: positive control (Trametes versicolor) A. M. circinelloides, B. C. elegans, C. U. isabellina, D. O. piceae, E. A. melanogenum. N.D is an abbreviation for not detected, meaning that no weight loss was observed.

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