[논문]나노구조체 에너지 하베스팅 소자와 IoT 센서 네트워크의 융합 연구

윤종세; 전부일; 윤기완

doi:10.6109/jkiice.2021.25.5.719

[국내논문] 나노구조체 에너지 하베스팅 소자와 IoT 센서 네트워크의 융합 연구
Nanostructured energy harvesting devices and their applications for IoT sensor networks 원문보기

한국정보통신학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, v.25 no.5, 2021년, pp.719 - 730

윤종세 (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) , 전부일 (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) , 윤기완 (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

초록
AI-Helper

본 논문에서는 산화아연/탄소 테이프/산화아연의 대칭 구조를 갖는 ZCZ-NG라는 샌드위치형 산화아연(ZnO) 압전 에너지 하베스팅 소자를 제시한다. 고품질의 ZCZ-NG 소자를 제작하기 위해 전도성 양면 접착 탄소 테이프를 활용하였으며, 이는 매우 높은 피크 투 피크 전압(V_pp)을 발생시키는 ZCZ-NG 소자의 개발로 이어졌다. ZCZ-NG 소자의 크기, 산화아연 층의 두께 그리고 벤딩 변형률 변화에 따른 ZCZ-NG 소자의 출력 성능 변화를 측정, 분석하였다. 또한 제작된 ZCZ-NG 소자의 실효성 및 응용 가능성을 검증하기 위한 실험적인 센서 네트워크 테스트베드를 구축하였다. 상용 아두이노를 기반으로 한 송신, 수신 노드들로 이루어진 테스트베드에서 노드들은 각 노드에서 감지한 정보들을 무선으로 송수신한다. 본 연구에서 사용된 대칭 구조의 샌드위치형 ZCZ-NG 소자 제작 기술과 센서 네트워크와의 융합 연구가 앞으로 더 발전되어 사물인터넷 구현을 위한 자가발전 센서 네트워크 연구에 도움이 되길 바란다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We have demonstrated a sandwich-type ZnO-based piezoelectric energy harvesting nanogenerator, namely ZCZ-NG device, composed of symmetrically stacked layers of ZnO/carbon tape/ZnO structure. Especially, we have adopted a conductive double-sided adhesive carbon tape in an effort to fabricate a high-quality ZCZ-NG device, leading to its superior output performance in terms of the peak-to-peak output voltage. Effects of the device size, ZnO layer thickness, and bending strain rate on the device performance have been investigated by measuring the output voltage. Moreover, to evaluate the effectiveness of the fabricated ZCZ-NG devices, we have experimentally implemented a sensor network testbed which can utilize the output voltages of ZCZ-NG devices. This sensor network testbed consists of several components such as Arduino-based transmitter and receiver nodes, wirelessly transmitting the sensed information of each node. We hope that this research combining the ZnO-based energy harvesting devices and IoT sensor networks will contribute to the development of more advanced energy harvester-driven IoT sensor networks in the future.

주제어

표/그림 (22)

그림 Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams depicting the fabrication steps of a typical ZCZ-NG device in this work.
그림 Fig. 2 Cross-sectional SEM images of ZnO layers with various thicknesses, respectively: (Sample 1) 88 nm, (Sample 2) 387 nm, (Sample 3) 542 nm, and (Sample 4) 1030 nm. The scale bar of each sample is 1 μm.
그림 Fig. 3 RF magnetron sputtering system used for the deposition of ZnO thin films.
그림 Fig. 4 Schematic description of the mechanical bending /unbending cycle system used for the output voltage measurements. Inset shows a schematic illustration of the ZCZ-NG structure which is installed on the PET bending platform of a bending machine.
그림 Fig. 5 The actual setting configuration and the actual bending of the ZCZ-NG device for a bending/unbending test.
그림 Fig. 6 The actual setting of each node. Each node consists of several modules such as Arduino Uno R3, Lipo battery and transceiver nRF24L01.
그림 Fig. 7 The star-shaped topology of the sensor network in this work.
그림 Fig. 8 The actual setting of a testbed. The testbed consists of two tranmitter nodes and a receiver node.
표 Table. 1 List of components used to implement the testbed of a sensor network in this work.
그림 Fig. 9 Output voltage variations of 1 cm x 1 cm sized ZCZ-NG devices: (a) The output voltage results are plotted as a function of individual ZnO thickness. (b) The actual output voltage waveforms extracted from the ZCZ-NG device, corresponding to the peak-to-peak output voltage of the red-box in (a).
그림 Fig. 10 Output voltage variations of 2 cm x 2 cm sized ZCZ-NG devices: (a) The output voltage results are plotted as a function of individual ZnO thickness. (b) The actual output voltage waveforms extracted from the ZCZ-NG device, corresponding to the peak-to-peak output voltage of the red-box in (a).
그림 Fig. 11 Output voltage variations of 3 cm x 3 cm sized ZCZ-NG devices: (a) The output voltage results are plotted as a function of individual ZnO thickness. (b) The actual output voltage waveforms extracted from the ZCZ-NG device, corresponding to the peak-to-peak output voltage of the red-box in (a).
표 Table. 2 The bending speeds and the strain rates used for the bending/unbending tests in this work.
표 Table. 3 Specifications of the ZCZ-NGs mentioned in Figures 9-11.
그림 Fig. 12 The XRD analysis result of the ZnO thin film deposited in this work. The high intensity of (002) peak shows that the ZnO thin film was grown along the c-axis orientation.
그림 Fig. 13 The result of charging experiments using various sized capacitors.
그림 Fig. 14 Output voltage measurements in the forward and reverse connection conditions. (a) The output voltage waveform measured in the forward connection. (b) The output voltage waveform measured in the reverse connection. Insets of (a) and (b) illustrate the schematics of the forward and reverse connections, respectively [1, 24-27].
그림 Fig. 15 Four different ZCZ-NG devices are connected in parallel to the series-connected LEDs. Two LEDs in the eyes of the model were turned on clearly through bending the four ZCZ-NG devices. Inset shows the magnified turned on LEDs.
그림 Fig. 16 The voltage values of battery and the percentages of battery level displayed in a serial monitor by the transmitter node.
그림 Fig. 17 Displayed contents in a serial monitor by the receiver node.
그림 Fig. 18 The algorithm of a transmitter node.
그림 Fig. 19 The algorithm of a receiver node.

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