[논문]목재수확 방법에 따른 벌채부산물 목재칩의 생산 및 연료 특성

최윤성; 정인선; 조민재; 문호성; 오재헌

doi:10.14578/jkfs.2021.110.2.217

[국내논문] 목재수확 방법에 따른 벌채부산물 목재칩의 생산 및 연료 특성
Production and Fuel Properties of Wood Chips from Logging Residues by Timber Harvesting Methods 원문보기

한국산림과학회지 = Journal of korean society of forest science, v.110 no.2, 2021년, pp.217 - 232

최윤성 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소) , 정인선 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소) , 조민재 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소) , 문호성 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소) , 오재헌 (국립산림과학원 산림기술경영연구소)

초록
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본 연구는 목재수확방법에 따른 단목수확시스템과 전목수확시스템으로 구분하여 벌채부산물 수집 및 가공작업의 생산성과 비용을 산출하고, 생산된 목재칩의 연료 특성을 비교 분석하여 목재칩 등급을 분류하고 에너지 시설에 연료 조건이 적합한지를 검토하였다. 벌채부산물 목재칩의 시스템 생산성 및 총 비용은 단목이 1.6 Gwt/SMH, 89,865 won/Gwt이었고, 전목은 2.9 Gwt/SMH, 72,974 won/Gwt로 단목에 비해 목재칩 생산성이 1.3배 높았고, 비용은 18.7% 절감되었다. 벌채 부산물 목재칩은 국제표준과 국내기준으로 단목의 목재칩은 등급에 적합하지 않았지만 선별처리를 통해 품질이 A2와 2급으로 향상되었다. 전목은 선별전 목재칩이 국내기준 2급이었으나 국제표준에 적합하지 않았고, 선별처리를 통해 A2 등급으로 향상 되었다. 또한 에너지 시설을 대상으로 Plant A는 단목의 선별전을 제외한 모든 목재칩이 건조처리를 통해 이용가능하였고, 전목 선별전 목재칩이 99,408 won/Gwt으로 가장 비용이 낮았다. 별도의 건조처리가 요구되지 않은 Plant B, C, D는 전목 선별전 목재칩이 57,204 won/Gwt으로 가장 비용이 낮았다. 따라서 벌채부산물을 이용하기 위해 전목수확시스템의 적용과 목재칩 품질 향상을 통해 에너지 이용시설에 적합한 목재칩을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study calculated the productivity and cost of extraction and processing of logging residues by cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting methods. In addition, the comparative analysis of the characteristics of wood chip fuel to examine whether it was suitable for the fuel conditions of the energy facility. In the harvesting and processing system to produce the wood chips of logging residues the system productivity and cost of the CTL harvesting system were 1.6 Gwt/SMH and 89,865 won/Gwt, respectively. The productivity and cost of the WT harvesting system were 2.9 Gwt/SMH and 72,974 won/Gwt, respectively. The WT harvesting productivity increased 1.3times while harvesting cost decreased by 18.7% compared to the CTL harvesting system. The logging residues of wood chips were not suitable for CTL wood chips based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO 17225-4:2021) and South Korea standard (NIFoS, 2020), but the quality (A2, Second class) was improved through screening operation. The WT-unscreened wood chips conformed to NIFoS standard (second class) and did not conform to ISO but were improved through screening operation (Second class). In addition to the energy facility in plant A, all wood chips except CTL-unscreened wood chips were available through drying processing. The WT-unscreened wood chips were the lowest at 99,408 won/Gwt. Plants B, C, and D had higher moisture content than plant A, so WT-unscreened wood chips without drying processing were the lowest at 57,204 won/Gwt. Therefore, the production of logging residues should improve with operation methods that improve the quality of wood chips required for applying the variable biomass and energy facility.

주제어

표/그림 (22)

그림 Figure 1. Location of study site.
표 Table 1. Characteristics of the two study sites in harvesting methods.
그림 Figure 2. Cut-to-length harvesting and processing system.
그림 Figure 3. Whole-tree harvesting and processing system.
표 Table 2. Cost factors and assumptions used for operation cost analysis.
그림 Figure 4 Analysis of the particle size distribution of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods.
표 Table 3. Productivity and cost of wood chips production and processing from logging residues by harvesting and processing system.
$Figure 5. Analysis of the fine (<3.15 mm) fraction rate of wood chips from logging residue by the harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).$ 그림 Figure 5. Analysis of the fine (<3.15 mm) fraction rate of wood chips from logging residue by the harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).
$Table 4. Fine (<3.15 mm) fraction rate of wood chips from logging residues by timber harvesting and processing methods.$ 표 Table 4. Fine (<3.15 mm) fraction rate of wood chips from logging residues by timber harvesting and processing methods.
표 Table 5. Bulk density and moisture content of wood chips grades from logging residues by harvesting methods.
그림 Figure 6. Analysis of the ash content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).
표 Table 6. Ash content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods.
그림 Figure 7. Analysis of the nitrogen and sulfur content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).
표 Table 7. Nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods.(Unit : W-%)
표 Table 8. One-way ANOVA for the nitrogen and sulfur by timber harvesting and processing methods.
그림 Figure 8. Analysis of the Cd, Cr and Pb content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).
표 Table 9. Inorganic compounds content of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods. (unit : mg/kg dry)
표 Table 10. One-way ANOVA for the Cd, Cr and Pb content by timber harvesting and processing methods.
그림 Figure 9. Analysis of the lower heating value of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods (P<0.05).
표 Table 11. Lower heating value of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods.
그림 Figure 10. Logging residues supply chain to improve the fuel chip quality for small-scale biomass plant.
표 Table 12. Comparison of ISO and NIFoS graded of wood chips from logging residues by harvesting and processing methods.

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