[논문]서울시 습지지역의 탄소저장 및 경제적 가치 평가에 대한 연구

최지영; 오종민; 이상돈

doi:10.17820/eri.2021.8.2.120

서울시 습지지역의 탄소저장 및 경제적 가치 평가에 대한 연구
The Evaluation of Carbon Storage and Economic Value Assessment of Wetlands in the City of Seoul 원문보기

Ecology and resilient infrastructure, v.8 no.2, 2021년, pp.120 - 132

최지영 (부산대학교 도시공학과) , 오종민 (경희대학교 환경공학과) , 이상돈 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과)

초록
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서울시 생태경관보전지역은 자연환경보전법과 자연환경보전조례에 근거하고 있다. 2018년 제13차 람사르협약 당사국총회에서 '습지 생태계서비스 간편평가 도구'가 채택되었으며, 람사르습지 도시 인증제 항목에 습지 생태계서비스 평가 항목이 포함됨에 따라 이를 평가할 자료가 필요하다. 본 연구는 서울시 생태경관 보전지역 중 생태적 보전 가치가 높은 습지 5곳을 선정하여 InVEST 모델로 탄소저장량과 경제성 평가를 하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 탄천습지 3,674.62 Mg, 한강 밤섬 1,511.57 Mg, 고덕동 습지 5,007.21 Mg, 암사동 습지 7,108.47 Mg, 여의도 샛강 습지 290.27Mg으로 도출되었다. 이 중 탄천습지는 2013년의 탄천습지의 탄소저장량은 4,804.99 Mg로 탄소저장량 1,130.37 Mg 감소하여 실효탄소요금 평균값인 $16.06(US)를 적용하였을 경우, $15,910.58(US) 손실된 것으로 환산되었고, 기후변화에 따른 생산성과 생태계에 미치는 영향을 포함한 탄소의 사회적 비용 평균값인 $204(US)를 적용하였을 경우, $202,101.97(US) 손실로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 서울시 주요 습지지역을 선정하여 도심 속 습지가 주고 있는 자연자원의 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 서울시 주요 습지의 생태적 가치 평가를 통하여 생태경관보전지역 보호 및 관리 방안의 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 습지 가치 평가에 대한 중요 의제로 간주되고 있음에 따라 향후 람사르 습지도시 인증제 항목에서 생태계서비스 평가 방안 제시가 가능하다고 사료된다. 람사르 습지를 인식하여 중요한 습지의 발굴 유도에 활용이 가능하며, 도심지역 내 습지 보전의 중요성에 대한 인식 증진과 람사르 습지의 국제적 교류에 도움을 줄 수 있다고 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The ecosystem and landscape conservation areas of Seoul were designated according to the Natural Environment Conservation Act and the Natural Environment Conservation Ordinance. With the adoption of the "Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Service (RAWES)" approach and the "wetland ecosystem service" for the Ramsar Wetland City Accreditation at the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 2018, the need for data evaluating wetland ecosystem services has become a necessity. Therefore, in this study, we selected five wetlands from the ecosystem and landscape conservation areas in Seoul, having high ecological conservation values, and evaluated their carbon sequestration and economic value assessment using the InVEST model, which is an ecosystem service evaluation technique. The evaluation results for carbon storage in each wetland are as follows: Tancheon Wetland: 3,674.62 Mg; Bamseom Island in the Hangang River: 1,511.57 Mg; Godeok-dong Wetland: 5,007.21 Mg; Amsa-dong Wetland: 7,108.47 Mg; and Yeouido Wetland: 290.27 Mg. Particularly, the Tancheon Wetland showed the lowest carbon sequestration of 1,130.37 Mg, as compared to the results acquired in 2013, of 4,804.99 Mg. When the average effective carbon rate of $16.06 (US) was applied to the decreased carbon sequestration value, a loss of $15,910.58(US) was calculated. Furthermore, if the average social cost of carbon ($204 (US)) is considered, which includes the impact of climate change on productivity and ecosystems, the total loss is equivalent to $202,101.97 (US). This study aims to examine the natural resource value of urban wetlands by evaluating selected major wetlands in Seoul. This study can be utilized as basic data to plan for the protection and management of the ecosystem and landscape conservation areas. Additionally, because wetland value assessment is considered essential, the results of this study can be used in future research to provide measures for evaluating ecosystem services in the Ramsar Wetland City Certification System. Moreover, this study can be utilized for selecting important wetlands as Ramsar sites, and to raise awareness about the significance of conserving urban wetlands, and for expanding international exchange among the Ramsar Wetland sites.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Wetland City Accreditation of the Ramsar evaluation criteria
표 Table 2. Status of the 17 ecological landscape protected areas selected for evaluation in Seoul (Ministry of Environment 2020)
그림 Fig. 1. Five wetland conservation areas and the 2019 land use map of Seoul.
그림 Fig. 2. InVEST Carbon model process including 4 factors: Above ground mass, below ground mass, soil carbon, and deadwood (Daily et al. 2015, p.58).
표 Table 3. Carbon pool table acquired from the InVEST Carbon model (units: Mg/㏊)
표 Table 4. Structure of the InVEST Carbon model
그림 Fig. 3. 2019 Carbon storage result of the study areas (a) Tancheon wetland, (b) Bamseom wetland, (c) Godeok-dong wetland, (d) Amsa-dong wetland, and (e): Yeouido wetland.
표 Table 5. Economic value assessment of ECR and SCC based on the carbon change (2013-2019) in the study area
표 Table 6. The ratio of the land use changes of the area from 2013-2019

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