[논문]초음파 장치의 주파수 변화에 따른 Microcystis aeruginosa의 성장억제 평가

장소예; 주진철; 강은별; 안채민; 박정수; 정무일; 이동호

doi:10.17820/eri.2021.8.3.143

초음파 장치의 주파수 변화에 따른 Microcystis aeruginosa의 성장억제 평가
Evaluation of Growth Inhibition for Microcystis aeruginosa with Different Frequency of Ultrasonic Devices 원문보기

Ecology and resilient infrastructure, v.8 no.3, 2021년, pp.143 - 153

장소예 (한밭대학교 건설환경공학과) , 주진철 (한밭대학교 건설환경공학과) , 강은별 (한밭대학교 건설환경공학과) , 안채민 (한밭대학교 환경공학과) , 박정수 (한밭대학교 건설환경공학과) , 정무일 ((주)애드소닉) , 이동호 (한밭대학교 정보통신공학과)

초록
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초음파의 고주파 (1.6 MHz), 저주파 (23 kHz) 조사를 통해 Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa)의 성장 억제 효과 (growth inhibition effect)를 대용량 (7.2 L) 조류 시료를 활용해 실험실 규모 (lab-scale) 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 6시간 고주파 조사 후 chl-a 농도와 M. aeruginosa 개체수는 점진적인 감소 경향이 관측된 반면, 6시간 저주파 조사 후 chl-a 농도 및 M. aeruginosa 개체수가 고주파 대비 급격하게 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 초음파 조사기간 보다 조사종료 이후의 일차분해상수(k)가 큰 것으로 확인되었으며, 이러한 결과는 기존 연구에 비해 비교적 낮은 단위부피당 초음파 에너지가 조류 세포막과 내부 기관에 미치는 영향이 지연되어 일정 시간 이후 점진적인 조류 성장 억제 효과가 관측되는 것으로 사료된다. 초음파 조사 후 chl-a 농도와 M. aeruginosa 개체수 변화, 성장률과 일차분해율을 종합적으로 비교한 결과, 저주파에서 조류 성장 억제 효과가 우수한 것으로 확인되었으며, 저주파에서 M. aeruginosa 세포막으로 에너지 투과 효율이 우수해 기낭 등 내부기관에 더 큰 손상을 유도하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. SEM과 TEM image 관측을 통해서도 고주파 보다 저주파에서의 M. aeruginosa의 세포 표면 및 세포막의 손상이 명확하게 관측되었다. 마지막으로 초음파에 의한 M. aeruginosa의 기낭 파괴 및 세포막의 기능 손상을 통해 용출되는 독성물질인 microcystin-LR의 수중 유출은 검출한계 (0.1 ㎍ L^-1) 미만으로 용출되어 수생태계에 미치는 유해성은 미미한 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The growth inhibition effects of M. aeruginosa were verified using large volume (7.2 L) of algae samples and ultrasonication (high frequency of 1.6 MHz vs. low frequency of 23 kHz) in lab-scale experiment. The chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and cell number decreased gradually after 6 hr sonication with high frequency of 1.6 MHz whereas both decreased sharply after 6 hr sonication with low frequency of 23 kHz. Additionally, the first order degradation coefficient (k) values after sonication were greater than those during sonication. These results indicate that relatively low sonication energy per volume may affect the cell membrane and internal organs of M. aeruginosa in a slow and retarded manner and resulted in gradual decrease of cell numbers of M. aeruginosa. Based on the comparison of chl-a and cell number of M. aeruginosa after sonication, low frequency of 23 kHz is superior for growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa, since low frequency of 23 kHz easily penetrates the cell membrane and ruptures the internal organs including gas vesicles. As is evident in SEM and TEM images, ruptured cell membranes were clearly observed for low frequency of 23 kHz. Finally, the microcystin-LR in water is not detected and considered to be harmless in aquaculture systems.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Summary of the ultrasonic sonication conditions and growth inhibition results from previous study for algal growth inhibition
표 Table 2. Composition and injected amount of component per liter of CB media used for cultivation of M. aeruginosa. (pH 9.0 ± 0.1)
그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram and pictorial view of ultrasonic reactors used in this study.
그림 Fig. 2. Pictorial view of M. aeruginosa in cell culture flask with time. (a) before experiment, (b) elapsed time 3 days, and (c) elapsed time 19 days.
그림 Fig. 3. Effect of ultrasonic frequency on chl-a and cell number of M. aeruginosa with time. (a) chl-a and (b) cell number. (note that marked area is the ultrasonic irradiation time.)
그림 Fig. 4. Change in growth rate (μ) and first order decay constant (k) of cell number for M. aeruginosa. (a) ultrasonic on (t ≤ 6 hr) and (b) ultrasonic off (6 hr < t ≤ 19 day).
표 Table 3. Summary of growth rate (μ) and first order decay constant (k) of M. aeruginosa using (A) control, (B) ultrasonication with high frequency (1.6 MHz, 1.38 W L^-1) and (C) ultrasonication with low frequency (23 kHz, 4.17 W L^-1)
표 Table 4. The scanning electron microscopic images of M. aeruginosa. (a) Control (normal cell) after 13 days, (b) 3 hr ultrasonic irradiation (1.6 MHz, 1.38 W L^-1), (c) 3 hr ultrasonic irradiation (23 kHz, 4.17 W L^-1), (d) 6 hr ultrasonic irradiation (1.6 MHz, 1.38 W L^-1), and (e) 6 hr ultrasonic irradiation (23 kHz, 4.17 W L^-1). (note that arrows indicate ruptures cell membrane of M. aeruginosa)
표 Table 5. The transmission electron microscopy images of M. aeruginosa. (a) Control (normal cell) after 13 days and (b) 6 hr ultrasonic irradiation (23 kHz, 4.17 W L^-1). (note that red dotted line indicate damage of M. aeruginosa cell surface and internal organs)

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