[논문]도시 캐노피 층 기온과 상대습도의 일변화에 관한 수치 모의

박경주; 한범순; 진한결

doi:10.14191/atmos.2021.31.3.295

도시 캐노피 층 기온과 상대습도의 일변화에 관한 수치 모의
Numerical Simulations of Diurnal Variations of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity in the Urban Canopy Layer 원문보기

대기 = Atmosphere, v.31 no.3, 2021년, pp.295 - 309

박경주 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) , 한범순 (세명대학교 바이오환경공학과) , 진한결 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Diurnal variations of air temperature and relative humidity in the Urban Canopy Layer (UCL) of the Seoul metropolitan area are examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Seoul National University Urban Canopy Model. The canopy layer air temperature is higher than 2-m air temperature and exhibits a more rapid rise and an earlier peak in the daytime. These result from the multiple reflections of shortwave radiation and longwave radiation trapping due to the urban geometry. Because of the absence of vegetation in the UCL and the higher canopy layer air temperature, the canopy layer relative humidity is lower than 2-m relative humidity. Additional simulations with building height changes are conducted to examine the sensitivities of the canopy layer meteorological variables to the urban canyon aspect ratio. As the aspect ratio increases, net sensible heat flux entering the UCL increases (decreases) in the daytime (nighttime). However, the increase in the volume of the UCL reduces the magnitude of change rate of the canopy layer air temperature. As a result, the canopy layer air temperature generally decreases in the daytime and increases in the nighttime as the aspect ratio increases. The changes in the canopy layer relative humidity due to the aspect ratio change are largely determined by the canopy layer air temperature. As the aspect ratio increases, the canopy layer relative humidity is generally increased in the daytime and decreased in the nighttime, contrary to the canopy layer air temperature.

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표/그림 (13)

그림 Fig. 1. A schematic diagram of the Seoul National University Urban Canopy Model [adopted from Ryu et al. (2011)].
그림 Fig. 2. (a) The three nested model domains with terrain height. (b) Land use/land cover in the innermost domain. The administrative boundary of Seoul is indicated by thick black line. The locations of 19 AWS points used for the model validation are marked by black dots. The location of water quality monitoring station in Guri-si is marked by a yellow diamond.
그림 Fig. 3. (a) Surface weather chart and (b) infrared satellite image at 1500 LST 22 June 2020 provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration.
그림 Fig. 4. Diurnal variations of (a) 2-m air temperature and (c) 10-m wind speed simulated by the WRF-SNUUCM and observed by the AWS on 22 June 2020. Scatterplots of the simulated and observed (b) 2-m air temperature and (d) 10-m wind speed.
표 Table 1. Building height parameters (high-density residential, industrial/commercial) used for the sensitivity experiments.
그림 Fig. 5. Fields of simulated 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind vector at (a) 0800, (b) 1000, (c) 1200, (d) 1400, (e) 1600, and (f) 1800 LST on 22 June 2020.
그림 Fig. 6. A schematic diagram representing UCL, 2-m, 10-m, and the first model layer height (Za) defined in the SNUUCM.
그림 Fig. 7. Diurnal variations of simulated canopy layer and 2-m (a) air temperature and (b) relative humidity, and (c) those of canopy layer and 10-m wind speed averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain.
$Fig. 8. Diurnal variations of the simulated five sensible heat flux terms averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain for the wall 1 (<TEX>$\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w1}$</TEX>), wall 2 (<TEX>$\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w2}$</TEX>), road (<TEX>$Q_{H,g}$</TEX>), anthropogenic heat (<TEX>$Q_{F,c}$</TEX>), and UCL (- <TEX>$Q_{H,c}$</TEX>) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation. The gray horizontal line indicates the zero line.$ 그림 Fig. 8. Diurnal variations of the simulated five sensible heat flux terms averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain for the wall 1 ($\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w1}$), wall 2 ($\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w2}$), road ($Q_{H,g}$), anthropogenic heat ($Q_{F,c}$), and UCL (- $Q_{H,c}$) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation. The gray horizontal line indicates the zero line.
그림 Fig. 9. Diurnal variations of canopy layer (a) air temperature, (b) relative humidity, and (c) wind speed averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain for four different experiments (AR_0.5, AR_1.0, AR_1.5, AR_2.0).
그림 Fig. 10. Variations of the canopy layer air temperature with sensitivity experiment averaged over the urban grids in (a) 1200~1700 LST and (b) 0000~0500 LST.
$Fig. 11. Diurnal variations of the sensible heat flux terms averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain for the (a) wall 1 (<TEX>$\frac{H}{W}_{H, w1}$</TEX>), (b) wall 2 (<TEX>$\frac{H}{W}_{H, w2}$</TEX>), (c) road (<TEX>$Q_{H,g}$</TEX>), and (d) UCL (-<TEX>$Q_{H,c}$</TEX>) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation for four different experiments (<TEX>$AR_{0.5}, AR_{1.0}, AR_{1.5}, AR_{2.0}$</TEX>).$ 그림 Fig. 11. Diurnal variations of the sensible heat flux terms averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain for the (a) wall 1 ($\frac{H}{W}_{H, w1}$), (b) wall 2 ($\frac{H}{W}_{H, w2}$), (c) road ($Q_{H,g}$), and (d) UCL (-$Q_{H,c}$) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation for four different experiments ($AR_{0.5}, AR_{1.0}, AR_{1.5}, AR_{2.0}$).
$Fig. 12. Diurnal variations of the change rate of the canopy layer air temperature averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain by the (a) wall 1 (<TEX>$\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w1}$</TEX>), (b) wall 2 (<TEX>$\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w2}$</TEX>), (c) road (<TEX>$\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{H,g}$</TEX>), (d) anthropogenic heat (<TEX>$\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{F,c}$</TEX>), and (e) UCL (<TEX>$\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{H,c}$</TEX>) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation for four different experiments (<TEX>$AR_{0.5}, AR_{1.0}, AR_{1.5}, AR_{2.0}$</TEX>)$ 그림 Fig. 12. Diurnal variations of the change rate of the canopy layer air temperature averaged over urban grids in the innermost domain by the (a) wall 1 ($\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w1}$), (b) wall 2 ($\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}\frac{H}{W}Q_{H,w2}$), (c) road ($\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{H,g}$), (d) anthropogenic heat ($\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{F,c}$), and (e) UCL ($\frac{A_c}{{\rho}c_pV_c}Q_{H,c}$) in the prognostic canopy layer air temperature equation for four different experiments ($AR_{0.5}, AR_{1.0}, AR_{1.5}, AR_{2.0}$)

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