[논문]고속 열 성형 유한요소해석을 활용한 CF/PEKK 열가소성 복합재 구조물 제작 공정 예측 및 검증

이경인; 최현석; 곽준우; 이준성; 주현우; 권진회; 남영우

doi:10.7234/composres.2021.34.5.296

고속 열 성형 유한요소해석을 활용한 CF/PEKK 열가소성 복합재 구조물 제작 공정 예측 및 검증
Evaluation of Stamp Forming Process Parameters for CF/PEKK Thermoplastic Composite Using Finite Element Method 원문보기

Composites research = 복합재료, v.34 no.5, 2021년, pp.296 - 304

이경인 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) , 최현석 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) , 곽준우 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) , 이준성 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) , 주현우 (Korea Aerospace Industries, Ltd.) , 권진회 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) , 남영우 (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 유한요소법(FEM)에 기반한 CF/PEKK 열가소성 복합재 고속 열 성형 해석을 수행하였고 제작 공정을 예측 및 검증하였다. 대표적인 L 형 구조물 모델에 대해 트리밍 여유에 따른 성형성을 응력, 두께, 주름분포를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 블랭크의 트리밍 여유가 증가할수록 구조물의 성형성이 향상하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 두께 및 주름 분포 측면에서 해석 모델과 실험 결과를 비교하여서 고속 열 성형 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다. 제작된 구조물은 시차 주사 열량 분석법 및 이미지 분석법을 통해 결정화도와 기공률이 측정되었다. 제작된 열가소성 구조물의 전 영역 기공률은 평균 0.75%, 결정화도는 약 21%로 항공기에 적용 가능한 수치로 평가되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 토대로 열가소성 복합재 고속 열 성형 공정에 대해 효과적인 예측이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study presented the evaluation of the stamp forming process for L-shape CF/PEKK thermoplastic composite using the finite element model. The formability of three different trimming allowances has been examined for representative product geometry. The results showed that those manufactured by high trimming allowance showed more excellent formability in those areas. Moreover, the effects of the trimming allowances on the stress, thickness, wrinkle distributions of thermoplastic composites fabricated with the stamp forming process were evaluated. The comparison of the simulation and experimental results for the thickness and wrinkle distributions proved the accuracy of the stamp forming model. The crystallinity of the composite was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The void content of the composite was evaluated by matrix digestion. Then, the fabricated structure was characterized and achieved high quality in crystallinity and void content. Consequently, the presented FEM modeling shows excellent potential for application in the aircraft product design process. This pragmatic approach could efficiently offer a valuable solution for the thermoplastic composite manufacturing field.

주제어

표/그림 (14)

그림 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the stamp forming progress
그림 Fig. 2. (a) 3D model of L-shape clip and (b) finite element model for analysis
그림 Fig. 3. Determine offset line to make trimming allowance
그림 Fig. 4. Stamp forming analysis result for L-shape clip: x-direction stress; (a) δ₀ = 0 mm, (b) δ₀ = 25 mm, (c) δ₀ = 50 mm
그림 Fig. 5. Tension forces acting on blank
표 Table 1. Mechanical properties and the initial dimension of the blank
그림 Fig. 6. Stamp forming analysis result for L-shape clip: Thickness distributions; (a) δ₀ = 0 mm, (b) δ₀ = 25 mm, (c) δ₀ = 50 mm
그림 Fig. 7. Stamp forming analysis result for L-shape clip: Risk of wrinkle; (a) δ₀ = 0 mm, (b) δ₀ = 25 mm, (c) δ₀ = 50 mm
그림 Fig. 9. (a) Stamp forming system and (b) stamp forming cycle
그림 Fig. 8. Detail view on long clip mold: (a) prototype L-shape clip mold, (b) draft view of L-shape clip upper mold and (c) draft view of L-shape clip lower mold
그림 Fig. 10. (a) Position of measuring points and (b) prototype L-shape clip
그림 Fig. 11. (a) Numerical wrinkle distribution within the L-shape clip and (b) experimental wrinkle distribution within the L-shape clip
그림 Fig. 12. Cross-sectional micrographs of L-shape clip
그림 Fig. 13. DSC data for (a) sample #1 and (b) sample #2

참고문헌 (50)

Henning, F., Karger, L., Dorr, D., Schirmaier, F.J., Seuffert, J., and Bernath, A., "Fast Processing and Continuous Simulation of Automotive Structural Composite Components," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 171, 2019, pp. 261-279.

상세보기
Lee, J.M., Lee, C.J., Kim, B.M., and Ko, D.C., "Design of Prepreg Compression Molding for Manufacturing of CFRTP B-pillar Reinforcement with Equivalent Mechanical Properties to Existing Steel Part," International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 21, 2020, pp. 545-556.

상세보기
Vieille, B., Albouy, W., Chevalier, L., and Taleb, L., "About the Influence of Stamping on Thermoplastic-based Composites for Aeronautical Applications," Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2013, pp. 821-834.

상세보기
Suemasu, H., Friedrich, K., and Hou, M., "On Deformation of Woven Fabric- Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites During Stamp-forming," Composites Manufacturing, Vol. 5, 1994, pp. 31-39.

상세보기
Trudel-Boucher, D., Fisa, B., Denault, J., and Gagnon, P., "Experimental Investigation of Stamp Forming of Unconsolidated Commingled E-glass/polypropylene Fabrics," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 66, 2006, pp. 555-570.

상세보기
Lebrun, G., Bureau, M.N., and Denault, J., "Thermoforming-Stamping of Continuous Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composites: Interlaminar and Tool-Laminate Shear Properties," Industrial Materials Institute, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 17, 2004, pp. 137-165.
Ning, H., Vaidya, U., Janowski, G.M., and Husman, G., "Design, Manufacture and Analysis of a Thermoplastic Composite Frame Structure for Mass Transit," Composite Structures, Vol. 80, 2007, pp. 105-116.

상세보기
Gorczyca-Cole, J.L., Sherwood, J.A., and Chen, J., "A Friction Model for Thermostamping Commingled Glass-polypropylene Woven Fabrics," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 38, 2007, pp. 393-406.

상세보기
Gorczyca, J., Shearwood, J., Liu, L., and Chen, J., "Modeling of Friction and Shear in Thermostamping of Composites - Part I," Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 38, 2004, pp. 1911-1929.

상세보기
Wakeman, M.D., Blanchard, P., and Manson, J.-A.E., "Void Evolution During Stamp Forming of Thermoplastic Composites," 15th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2005.
Lessard, H., Lebrun, G., Benkaddour, A., and Pham, X.-T., "Influence of Process Parameters on the Thermostamping of a [0/90]12 Carbon/Polyether Ether Ketone Laminate," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 70, 2015, pp. 59-68.

상세보기
Liu, L., Chen, J., Gorczyca, J., and Shearwood, J., "Friction and Shear in Thermostamping of Composites-Part II," Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol. 38, 2004.
Mallick, P.K., "Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic-matrix Composites for Lightweight Automotive Structures," Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles (Second Edition), 2021, pp. 187-228.
Mathijsen, D., "The Black Magic of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics," Reinforced Plastics, Vol. 59, No. 4, 2015, pp. 185-189.

상세보기
Harrison, P., Gomes, R., and Curado-Correia, N., "Press Forming a 0/90 Cross-ply Advanced Thermoplastic Composite Using the Double-dome Benchmark Geometry," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 54, 2013, pp. 56-69.

상세보기
Ten Thije, R.H.W., Akkerman, R., Ubbink, M., and van der Meer, L., "A Lubrication Approach to Friction in Thermoplastic Composites Forming Processes," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 42, 2011, pp. 950-960.

상세보기
Hallander, P., Akermo, M., Mattei, C., Petersson, M., and Nyman, T., "An Experimental Study of Mechanisms Behind Wrinkle Development during Forming of Composite Laminates," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 50, 2013, pp. 54-64.

상세보기
Slange, T.K., Warnet, L.L., Grouve, W.J.B., and Akkerman, R., "Influence of Prepreg Characteristics on Stamp Consolidation," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1896, 2017, 030034.
Gabrion, X., Placet, V., Trivaudey, F., and Boubakar, L., "About the Thermomechanical Behaviour of a Carbon Fibre Reinforced High-temperature Thermoplastic Composite," Composite B: Engineering, Vol. 95, 2016, pp. 386-394.

상세보기
Schneeberger, C., Wong, J.C., and Ermanni, P., "Hybrid Bicomponent Fibres for Thermoplastic Composite Preforms," Composite A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 103, 2017, pp. 69-73.

상세보기
Boisse, P., Hamila, N., and Madeo, A., "Modelling the Development of Defects During Composite Reinforcements and Prepreg Forming," Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 374, No. 2071, 2016, 20150269.

상세보기
Kiran, G.B., Suman, K.N.S., Rao, N.M., and Rao, R.U.M., "A Study on the Influence of Hot Press Forming Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Green Composites Using Taguchi Experimental Design," International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 3, 2011, pp. 253-263.
Benkaddour, A., Lebrun, G., and Laberge-Lebel, L., "Thermo-stamping of [0/90]n Carbon/Peek Laminates:Influence of Support Configuration and Demolding Temperature on Part Consolidation," Polymer Composites, Vol. 39, 2018, pp. 3341- 3352.

상세보기
Behrens, B.A., Raatz, A., Hubner, S., Bonk, C., Bohne, F., Bruns, C., and Micke-Camuz, M., "Automated Stamp Forming of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics for Complex Shell Geometries," Procedia CIRP, Vol. 66, 2017, pp. 113-118.

상세보기
Balakrishnan, V.S., Obrosov, A., Kuke, F., Seidlitz, H., and Weiss, S., "Influence of Metal Surface Preparation on the Flexural Strength and Impact Damage Behaviour of Thermoplastic FRP Reinforced Metal Laminate Made by Press Forming," Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 173, 2019, 106883.

상세보기
Donadei, V., Lionetto, F., Wielandt, M., Offringa, A., and Maffezzoli, A., "Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts," Matrials, Vol. 11, 2018, 1063.

상세보기
Xiong, H., Hamila, N., and Boisse, P., "Consolidation Modeling during Thermoforming of Thermoplastic Composite Prepregs Hu," Matrials, Vol. 12, No. 18, 2019, pp. 2853.

상세보기
Gong, Y., Song, Z., Ning, H., Hu, N., Peng, X., Wu, X., Zou, R., Liu, F., Weng, S., and Liu, Q., "A Comprehensive Review of Characterization and Simulation Methods for Thermo-stamping of 2D Woven Fabric Reinforced Thermoplastics," Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 203, 2020, 108462.

상세보기
Behrens, B.A., Hubner, S., and Neumann, A., "Forming Sheets of Metal and Fibre-reinforced Plastics to Hybrid Parts in One Deep Drawing Process," Procedia Engineering, Vol. 81, 2014, pp. 1608-1613.

상세보기
Vieille, B., Albouy, W., and Taleb, L., "Investigations on Stamping of C/PEEK Laminates: Influence on Meso-structure and Macroscopic Mechanical Properties under Severe Environmental Conditions," Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 63, 2014, pp. 101-110.

상세보기
Hwang, S.F., and Hwang, K.J., "Stamp Forming of Locally Heated Thermoplastic Composites," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 33, 2002, pp. 669-676.

상세보기
Fernandez, I., Blas, F., and Frovel, M., "Autoclave Forming of Thermoplastic Composite Parts," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 143-144, 2003, pp. 266-269.

상세보기
Abbassi, F., Elfaleh, I., Mistou, S., Zghal, A., Fazzini, M., and Djilali, T., "Experimental and Numerical Investigations of a Thermoplastic Composite (carbon/PPS) Thermoforming," Structural Control Health Monitoring, Vol. 18, 2011, pp. 769-780.

상세보기
Guzman-Maldonado, E., Wang, P., Hamila, N., and Boisse, P., "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Wrinkling during Forming of Multi-layered Textile Composites," Composite Structures, Vol. 208, 2019, pp. 213-223.

상세보기
Kim, D.J., Yu, M.H., Lim, J.Y., Nam, B.G., and Kim, H.S., "Prediction of the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-reinforced Composite Structure Considering Its Shear Angle Distribution Generated during Thermo-compression Molding Process," Composite Structures, Vol. 220, 2019, pp. 441-450.

상세보기
Donderwinkel, T.G., Rietman, B., Haanappel, S.P., and Akkerman, R., "Stamp Forming Optimization for Formability and Crystallinity," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1769, 2016, 170029.
Montazerian, H., Sourki, R., Ramezankhani, M., Rashidi, A., Koerber, M., and Milani, A.S., "Digital Twining of an Automated Fabric Draping Process for Industry 4.0 Applications: Part Imulti-body Simulation and Finite Element Modeling," CAMX2019, 2019, pp. 1-10.
Chen, Q., Boisse, P., Park, C.H., Saouab, A., and Breard, J., "Intra/inter-ply Shear Behaviors of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites in Thermoforming Processes," Composite Structures, Vol. 93, 2011, pp. 1692-1703.

상세보기
Allaoui, S., Boisse, P., Chatel, S., Hamila, N., Hivet, G., Soulat, D., Vidal-Salle, E., "Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Textile Reinforcement Forming of a Tetrahedral Shape," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 42, 2011, pp. 612-622.

상세보기
Wolthuizen, D.J., Schuurman, J., and Akkerman, R., "Forming Limits of Thermoplastic Composites," Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 611-612, 2014, pp. 407-414.

상세보기
Slange, T.K., Grouve, W.J.B., Warnet, L.L., Wijskamp, S., and Akkerman, R., "Towards the Combination of Automated Layup and Stamp Forming for Consolidation of Tailored Composite Components," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 119, 2019, pp. 165-175.

상세보기
McCool, R., Murphy, A., Wilson, R., Jiang, Z., Price, M., Butterfield, J., and Hornsby, P., "Thermoforming Carbon Fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic Composites," Journal of Materials: Design & Applications, Vol. 226, 2012, pp. 91-102.
Slange, T.K., Warnet, L., Grouve, W.J.B., and Akkerman, R., "Influence of Preconsolidation on Consolidation Quality After Stamp Forming of C/PEEK Composites," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1769, 2016, 170022.
Jeon, Y.J., Heo, Y.M., Yun, S.H., and Kim, D.E., "Stamping Process Design to Develop a Urea Tank Cover for Excavators Based on Sheet Metal Forming Analysis," Journal of Korea Society of Die & Mold Engineering, Vol. 14, 2020, pp. 49-55.
Haanappel, S.P., Ten Thije, R.H.W., Sachs, U., Rietman, B., and Akkerman, R., "Formability Analyses of Uni-directional and Textile Reinforced Thermoplastics," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 56, 2014, pp. 80-92.

상세보기
Vanclooster, K., Lomov, S.V., and Verpoest, I., "Experimental Validation of Forming Simulations of Fabric Reinforced Polymers Using an Unsymmetrical Mould Configuration," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 40, 2009, pp. 530-539.

상세보기
Lee, J.S., Hong, S.J., Yu, W.R., and Kang, T.J., "The Effect of Blank Holder Force on the Stamp Forming Behavior of Noncrimp Fabric with a Chain Stitch," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 67, 2007, pp. 357-366.

상세보기
TORAY Cetex, "Stamp Forming Processing Guide," TORAY Cetex, USA, 2019.
Aniform, Toray Cetex ® TC1320 AS4D/PEKK Material Card, the netherlands, 2019.
ASTM D3418. Standard Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

저자의 다른 논문 :

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증