[논문]인천 공항 주변 고해상도 항공기 추적 정보 기반의 바람 관측자료 생산 및 품질 검증

김정민; 김정훈

doi:10.14191/atmos.2022.32.4.323

인천 공항 주변 고해상도 항공기 추적 정보 기반의 바람 관측자료 생산 및 품질 검증
Retrieval and Quality Assessment of Atmospheric Winds from the Aircraft-Based Observation Near Incheon International Airport, Korea 원문보기

대기 = Atmosphere, v.32 no.4, 2022년, pp.323 - 340

김정민 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) , 김정훈 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

We analyzed the high-resolution wind data of Aircraft-Based Observation from the Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance (Mode-S EHS) data in Korea. For assessment of its quality, the Mode-S wind data was compared with the ECMWF ReAnalysis 5 (ERA5) reanalysis and Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data for more than 3-months from 7 May 2021 to 24 August 2021 near Incheon International Airport, Korea. Considering that the AMDAR reports are not provided by all commercial aircraft, total number of the Mode-S derived wind data with a second sampling rate was about twice larger than that of available AMDAR wind data. After the quality control procedures by removing erroneous samples, it was found that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the Mode-S retrieved winds are similar to that from the AMDAR winds. In particular, between 550 and 650 hPa levels, RMSE of the Mode-S (AMDAR) zonal wind against ERA5 data was about 2.3 m s-1 (1.9 m s-1), and those increased to 3.3 m s-1 (2.4 m s-1) in 200~500 hPa levels. A similar trend was found in the meridional wind, but a distinct positive mean bias of 2.16 m s-1 was observed between 875 and 1,000 hPa levels. Winds retrieved from the Mode-S also showed a good agreement directly with AMDAR data. As the Mode-S provides a large amount of data with a reliable quality, it can be useful for both data assimilation in the numerical weather prediction model and situational awareness of wind and turbulence for aviation safety in Korea.

주제어

표/그림 (17)

표 Table 1. Relationship of Message type, Mode-S downlink formats, and different information.
표 Table 2. ABO variables and quality control test information, adapted from the Table A1 on the Guide to Aircraft-based Observation in WMO (2017).
표 Table 3. Additional quality test information for the air-borne variables.
그림 Fig. 1. Hourly counts of sampled Mode-S EHS and AMDAR from 7 May to 24 August 2021. Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance; AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay.
그림 Fig. 2. Monthly counts of sampled Mode-S EHS and AMDAR (Same period with Fig. 1). Mode-S EHS, Mode- Selective Enhanced Surveillance; AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay.
표 Table 4. Number of observations of AMDAR and Mode-S EHS before and after QC.
그림 Fig. 3. Horizontal coverage of Mode-S EHS data in the domain of Korean peninsula during the sample period. Colorbar represents the lowest altitude of data. Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance.
그림 Fig. 4. Horizontal coverage of Mode-S EHS data (a) and AMDAR (b) near the Incheon Airport. Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance; AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay.
그림 Fig. 5. Vertical counts of Mode-S EHS data and AMDAR near the Incheon Airport (a) and the whole comparison area (b). Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance; AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay.
그림 Fig. 6. Horizontal distribution of the grid points where the triple comparison was conducted.
그림 Fig. 7. 2D density plots of wind data from different sources. Compared variables are zonal wind, meridional wind, and wind speed each from left to right, compared pairs are (AMDAR - ERA5), (Mode-S EHS - ERA5), (Mode-S EHS - AMDAR) from top to bottom. AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay; ERA5, ECMWF ReAnalysis 5; Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance.
그림 Fig. 8. 2D density plots of the zonal wind (left), meridional wind (center), wind speed (right) from ERA5 and AMDAR. Comparison was subdivided by its altitude from top to bottom. ERA5, ECMWF ReAnalysis 5; AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay.
그림 Fig. 9. Same figure with Fig.12 but it is comparison of Mode-S EHS and ERA5. Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance; ERA5, ECMWF ReAnalysis 5.
표 Table 5. MAE, RMSE and R values of the comparisons for zonal wind, meridional wind and wind speed for triple collocation (Unit: m s^-1).
그림 Fig. 10. 2D joint plots of the relationship between zonal and meridional wind speed difference subgrouped by altitude, for three groups of comparisons (AMDAR - ERA5, Mode-S EHS - ERA5, Mode-S EHS - AMDAR). The distributions show good agreement at a higher altitudes (left), but dislocation is shown for lower altitudes (right), especially the lowest altitudes. AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay; ERA5, ECMWF ReAnalysis 5; Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance.
그림 Fig. 11. Horizontal distribution of the grid points where the comparison of AMDAR and Mode-S EHS was conducted, the spatio-temporal resolution is higher than the triple comparison. AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay; Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance.
그림 Fig. 12. 2D density plots of zonal and meridional wind from AMDAR and Mode-S EHS. AMDAR, Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay; Mode-S EHS, Mode-Selective Enhanced Surveillance.

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