[논문]시설 고추재배지 총채벌레 연중 발생 및 주요 총채벌레의 차등 해충성

김철영; 최두열; 이동현; 칸팔구니; 권기면; 함은혜; 박정준; 길의준; 김용균

doi:10.5656/ksae.2022.05.0.014

시설 고추재배지 총채벌레 연중 발생 및 주요 총채벌레의 차등 해충성
Yearly Occurrence of Thrips Infesting Hot Pepper in Greenhouses and Differential Damages of Dominant Thrips 원문보기

한국응용곤충학회지 = Korean journal of applied entomology, v.61 no.2, 2022년, pp.319 - 330

김철영 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 최두열 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 이동현 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 칸팔구니 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 권기면 (생물이용연구소) , 함은혜 ((주)오상킨섹트) , 박정준 (경상대학교 식물의학과, 농업생명과학연구소) , 길의준 (안동대학교 식물의학과) , 김용균 (안동대학교 식물의학과)

초록
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전국 최대 규모의 고추(Capsicum annuum L.) 재배지는 안동이다. 이 지역을 중심으로 본 연구는 시설재배지 고추를 가해하는 총채벌레의 연중(2021년 3월 31일~10월25일) 발생을 보고한다. 황색트랩을 이용하여 포획한 총채벌레를 유관으로 동정한 결과 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)와 대만총채벌레(F. intonsa)가 우점종으로 나타났다. 전체 포획충은 107,873마리였으며 이 가운데 꽃노랑총채벌레가 약 82%, 대만총채벌레가 약 17% 그리고 기타 총채벌레가 약 0.3%를 차지하였다. 연중 전체적으로 2회 총채벌레 발생 피크를 보였다. 첫 번째 발생피크는 5-6월에 나타났고, 두 번째 발생 피크는 9월 이후에 일어났다. 발생규모는 첫번째보다는 두 번째 발생 피크에서 높았으며 대부분은 꽃노랑총채벌레가 차지하였다. 흥미롭게 7-8월에 이들 총채벌레의 발생이 매우 낮았는데 이들 주요 총채벌레가 고온에 대한 높은 감수성으로 기인되었다. 실내 고온 노출실험은 총채벌레들이 35℃ 이상에서 고온 감수성을 보여 45℃에서는 1시간 노출을 견디지 못하였다. 실제로 안동지역 7-8월 시설재배지는 최고온도가 45℃ 이상을 기록하였다. 이 가운데 꽃노랑총채벌레가 대만총채벌레에 비해 낮은 고온 감수성을 보였다. 반면에 안동에 비해 기온이 낮은 강원지역의 시설 고추 재배지에서는 7-8월에 오히려 최대 총채벌레 발생피크를 나타냈으며, 이 시기 최고온도는 45℃ 이하를 기록하였다. 조사한 안동지역 고추에서는 TSWV (tomato spotted wilt virus)에 의해 발병되는 바이러스병이 발생하였다. 다중 PCR 검정법으로 이 바이러스 보독 유무 및 대상 총채벌레를 동시에 분석하였다. 이 결과 바이러스 보독충 비율은 최대 30%를 기록하며 연중 지속적으로 검출되었는데 이들 모두는 대만총채벌레로 판명되었다. 이상의 결과는 시설 고추재배지에서 꽃노랑총채벌레는 고추 수확기에 최성기를 이루며 고추에 직접피해를 줄 가능성이 높으며, 대만총채벌레는 높은 바이러스 보독율로 고추의 간접피해를 유발할 위험성이 있다는 것을 각각 제시하고 있다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Andong is a place to culture the great amount of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Korea. This study reports a yearly occurrence (March 31~October 25, 2021) of thrips infesting the hot pepper in Andong. Thrips caught to yellow sticky traps were diagnosed by morphological characters and showed two dominant species: Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa. During this period, a total of 107,874 thrips were caught and included F. occidentalis at about 82%, F. intonsa at about 17%, and the other thrips at about 0.3%. There were two main peaks at May~June and at September~October, respectively, in which the total number of thrips was higher in the second peak and most were F. occidentalis. Interestinly, a low level of thrips occurred during July~August was observed and explained by their susceptibility to high temperatures. A laboratory experiment by exposing thrips to high temperatures showed that thrips were susceptible to temperatures higher than 35℃ and not tolerant to 45℃ for 1 h. Indeed, high temperatures higher than 45℃ were recorded in the greenhouses in Andong during July~August. F. occidentalis was more tolerant to the high temperatures than F. intonsa. On the other hand, the thrips showed the highest occurrence peak at July~August in hot pepper-culturing greenhouse in Kangwon, where the average temperatures were mostly lower than those of Andong and no high temperatures higher than 45℃ were recorded during July~August. A viral disease caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was observed in the hot peppers cultured in Andong greenhouses. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the virus along with identification of thrips. With a high record of about 30%, the virus-infected thrips were detected during all the monitoring period. The virulent thrips were identified to be only F. intonsa. These results suggest that F. occidentalis gives a direct damage especially during harvesting period with their high populations while F. intonsa gives indirect damage by transmitting TSWV.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Primer sequences used in multiplex PCR
그림 Fig. 1. Yearly thrips occurrence in greenhouses culturing hot pepper at three places of Andong ('AD1-AD3') in 2021. (A) Comparison of different thrips occurrence: F. occidentalis ('Fo'), F. intonsa ('Fi'), and total (= Fo + Fi + others). (B) Total thrips numbers in three different places. Thrips monitoring was performed once in a week from March 31 to October 25, 2021 using yellow sticky trap. Each place had three traps. Different letters above standard deviation bars indicate significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test).
그림 Fig. 2. Cumulative population growth of dominant thrips infesting hot pepper in greenhouses at three places of Andong ('AD1-AD3'). Thrips monitoring was performed once in a week from March 31 to October 25, 2021 using yellow sticky trap. Each place had three traps. High temperatures represent weekly average of daily high temperatures.
표 Table 2. ANOVA of thrips occurrence in different environmental factors in hot pepper cultivated in greenhouses from March 15 to October 30, 2021
그림 Fig. 3. Comparison of susceptibilities of F. occidentalis and F. intonsa to high temperatures in both larvae and adults. After exposure of thrips to the temperatures for the predetermined time period, test thrips were kept in 25°C for 12 h and then the alive thrips were counted. Asterisks above standard deviation bars represent significant difference in means between two species at specific exposure time at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test).
표 Table 3. Correlation analyses of thrips occurrence between temperature and humidity in hot pepper greenhouses. Each correlation value accompanies with Type I error of its Student t-test in parenthesis
그림 Fig. 4. Yearly occurrence of F. occidentalis ('WFT') in a greenhous culturing hot pepper at Hongcheon, Kangwon, Korea) in 2021. Thrips monitoring was performed once in a week from May 7 to October 7 using yellow sticky trap. Each place had three traps. High and average temperatures represent weekly averages of daily high and mean temperatures, respectively.
그림 Fig. 5. Sex ratios of two dominant thrips infesting hot pepper in a greenhouse (AD2): F. occidentalis (Fo) and F. intonsa (Fi). (A) Fluctuation of their sex ratios at different seasons in 2021. (B) Correlation between sex ratio and population size of the thrips.
그림 Fig. 6. Virulent thrips infected with TSWV in a greenhouse (AD2) culturing hot pepper. (A) Determination of virulent thrips and diagnosis of thrips using multiplex PCR. Gel picture represents an example of the assays, in which virus and each thrips species are diagnosed by PCR product sizes at 777 bp for TSWV, 287 bp for F. occidentalis (Fo), and 367 bp for F. intonsa (Fi). (B) Yearly change in the ratios of virulent thrips. Different letters above standard deviation bars indicate significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test). Different letters above standard deviation bars indicate significant difference among means at Type I error = 0.05 (LSD test).

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