[논문]The Control Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite against Violet Root Rot Caused by Helicobasidium mompa in Apple

Lee, Sung-Hee; Shin, Hyunman; Lee, Hyok-In; Lee, Seonghee

doi:10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2022.0057

The Control Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite against Violet Root Rot Caused by Helicobasidium mompa in Apple 원문보기

The plant pathology journal, v.38 no.5, 2022년, pp.513 - 521

Lee, Sung-Hee (Bureau of Research & Development, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) , Shin, Hyunman (Bureau of Research & Development, Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) , Lee, Hyok-In (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) , Lee, Seonghee (Horticultural Science Department, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agriculture Science, University of Florida)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Our study was carried out to determine the control efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for violet root rot caused by Helicobasidium mompa in apple. The experiment was conducted in the farm located at Chungbuk province in South Korea from 2014 to 2016. When infected apple trees were treated at least two or three times with 31.25 and 62.5 ml/l available chlorine content in NaOCl, it greatly increased the rooting of rootstock, and restored the tree crown density by 44.4-60.5%. In addition, the number of commercial fruit setting was increased by 54.3-64.5%, and the total starch content in shoots was significantly higher than other non-treated apple trees. However, the untreated disease control and thiophanate-methyl WP treated trees showed the symptom of dieback. Therefore, our results indicate that the drenching treatment of NaOCl with 31.25-62.5 ml/l available chlorine content more than two times from late fall to early spring could effectively control the violet root rot and recover tree vigor up to 60%.

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표/그림 (10)

표 Table 1. The number of accumulated dieback trees affected by violet root rot post-treatment
그림 Fig. 1. The typical symptom and sign of violet root rot caused by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm. (A) The poor growth with vacant branches in tree crown by decline of tree vigor (August 2, 2016). (B) Early leaf yellowing and defoliation in tree crown by decline of tree vigor (September 22, 2015). (C) The acute dieback occurred on the period of fruit harvest (October 31, 2012). (D) The fungal fruiting body occurred to grafting region (July 13, 2015). (E) The violet mycelia occurred to rootstock (August 19, 2016). (F) Brownish mycelia showing septa and rectangular branches under 400× optical microscope (May 16, 2014).
그림 Fig. 2. Inhibition of the fungal fruiting body and rooting induction after drench treatment of 62.5 ml/l NaOCl to grafting region diseased by Helicobasidium mompa on July-August. (A) The fungal fruiting body occurred to grafting region pre-treatment (September 17, 2014). (B) Root primordia (arrow) induced post-treatment (July 8, 2013). (C) Rooting (arrow) induced post-treatment (August 6, 2014).
표 Table 2. Healthy degree based on foliage amount and distribution rate of leaf size in tree crown for diseased trees pre-treatment
그림 Fig. 3. The relative tree crown density by treatment frequency for apple trees infected by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm. Surveyed date were August 6, 2014, August 4, 2015, and August 8, 2016. Mean ± standard deviation followed by different letter over each bar indicates significant difference based on Duncan's multiple range test at P < 0.05. UDC, untreated disease control; TM, tiophanate-methyl WP fungicide.
그림 Fig. 4. Change in the number of shoots by length by treatment frequency with the available chlorine content of NaOCl on apple trees infected by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm. Treatment frequency with available chlorine content of NaOCl were as follows; pre-treatment (A), after once treatment (B), twice (C), and thrice (D). The surveyed date of pre-treatment was May 26, 2014, the survey for once treatment was on August 6, 2014. The survey for two-time treatments was conducted on October 13, 2015. The survey for three-time treatments was conducted on October 25, 2016. Mean ± standard deviation followed by different letter over each bar indicates significant difference based on Duncan's multiple range test at P < 0.05. UDC, untreated disease control; TM, tiophanate-methyl WP fungicide.
그림 Fig. 5. The number of fruit-setting by treatment frequency on apple trees infected by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm. Mean ± standard deviation followed by different letter over each bar indicates significant difference based on Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05. UDC, untreated disease control; TM, tiophanate-methyl WP fungicide.
그림 Fig. 6. The total starch content of fruit-bearing shoots by treatment frequency on apple trees infected by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm. Mean ± standard deviation followed by different letter over each bar indicates significant differences based on Duncan's multiple range test at P < 0.05. UDC, untreated disease control; TM, tiophanate-methyl WP fungicide.
표 Table 3. The fruit characteristics by treatment frequency on apple trees infected by Helicobasidium mompa in an apple farm
그림 Fig. 7. The recovery of tree vigor after drench application with NaOCl 62.5 ml/l on apple trees affected by violet root rot in an apple farm. (A) Pre-treatment, 2014. (B) After three-time treatments, 2016.

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