[논문]Fluid Infiltration Effect on Breakdown Pressure in Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Tests

Diaz, Melvin B.; Jung, Sung Gyu; Lee, Gyung Won; Kim, Kwang Yeom

doi:10.9720/kseg.2022.3.389

Fluid Infiltration Effect on Breakdown Pressure in Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Tests 원문보기

지질공학 = The journal of engineering geology, v.32 no.3, 2022년, pp.389 - 399

Diaz, Melvin B. (Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) , Jung, Sung Gyu , Lee, Gyung Won (Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) , Kim, Kwang Yeom (Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)

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Observations on the influence of the fluid infiltration on the breakdown pressure during laboratory hydraulic fracturing tests, along with an analysis of the applicability of the breakdown pressure prediction for cylindrical samples using Quasi-static and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approaches were carried out. These approaches consider fluid infiltration through the so-called radius of fluid infiltration or crack radius, a parameter that is not a material property. Two sets of tests under pressurization rate controlled and injection rate controlled tests were used to evaluate the applicability of these methods. The difficulty of the estimation of the radius of fluid infiltration was solved by back calculating this parameter from an initial set of tests, and later, the obtained relationships were used to predict breakdown pressures for a second set of tests. The results showed better predictions for the injection rate than for the pressurization rate tests, with average errors of 3.4% and 18.6%, respectively. The larger error was attributed to differences in the testing conditions for the pressurization rate tests, which had different applied vertical pressures. On the other hand, for the tests carried out under constant injection rate, the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics solution reported lower errors compared to the Quasi-static solution, with values of 3% and 3.8%, respectively. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis illustrated the influence of the radius of fluid penetration or crack radius and the tensile strength on the breakdown pressure, suggesting a need for a careful estimation of these values. Then, the calculation of breakdown pressure considering fluid infiltration in cylindrical samples under triaxial conditions is possible, although larger data sets are desirable to validate and derive better relations.

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표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Cross section of a cylindrical sample indicating notations sused in the equations (modified after Dégué and Ladanyi, 2000).
그림 Fig. 2. Fluid infiltration area for water and oil under different pressurization rates. Fluorescent material was added to aid the visualization of the infiltration area that appears in light blue. The eatimated infiltrated area is delimited with dashed red circles (modified after Kim et al., 2020a).
$Table 1. Hydraulic fracturing tests under different confining pressures and pressurization rates (modified after Kim et al., 2020a)$ 표 Table 1. Hydraulic fracturing tests under different confining pressures and pressurization rates (modified after Kim et al., 2020a)
그림 Fig. 3. Radius of fluid penetration versus pressurization rate for calculations based on Kim et al. (2020a) and Dégué and Ladanyi (2000). The samples were tested under different confining pressures (σ_c).
그림 Fig. 4.Break down pressure versus crack length or radius of fluid penetration for different tensile strengths estimated using Eq. (2) The curves are tailored to the samples geometry of internal and external radius of 4 and 25mm, respectively.
그림 Fig. 5. a) Breakdown pressure against injection rate for cylindrical samples of Pocheon granite (modified after Zhuang et al., 2019). b) Crack length or radius of fluid penetration versus injection rate.
그림 Fig. 6. Breakdown pressure against injection rate showing measured and predicted values using the quasi-static and LEFM approaches.

참고문헌 (14)

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Zhuang, L., Kim, K.Y., Diaz, M., Yeom, S., 2020, Evaluation of water saturation effect on mechanical properties and hydraulic fracturing behavior of granite, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 130, 104321.

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Zhuang, L., Kim, K.Y., Jung, S.G., Diaz, M., Min, K.B., 2019, Effect of water infiltration, injection rate and anisotropy on hydraulic fracturing behavior of granite, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52(2), 575-589.

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Fluid Infiltration Effect on Breakdown Pressure in Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Tests 원문보기

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