[논문]Generation of Water Droplet Ion Beam for ToF-SIMS Analysis

Myoung Choul Choi; Ji Young Baek; Aram Hong; Jae Yeong Eo; Chang Min Choi

doi:10.5478/msl.2023.14.4.147

[국내논문] Generation of Water Droplet Ion Beam for ToF-SIMS Analysis 원문보기

Mass spectrometry letters, v.14 no.4, 2023년, pp.147 - 152

Myoung Choul Choi (Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute) , Ji Young Baek (Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute) , Aram Hong (Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute) , Jae Yeong Eo (Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute) , Chang Min Choi (Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The increasing demand for two-dimensional imaging analysis using optical or electronic microscopic techniques has led to an increase in the use of simple one-dimensional and two-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging. Among these imaging methods, secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has the best spatial resolution using a primary ion beam with a relatively insignificant beam diameter. Until recently, SIMS, which uses high-energy primary ion beams, has not been used to analyze molecules. However, owing to the development of cluster ion beams, it has been actively used to analyze various organic molecules from the surface. Researchers and commercial SIMS companies are developing cluster ion beams to analyze biological samples, including amino acids, peptides, and proteins. In this study, a water droplet ion beam for surface analysis was realized. Water droplets ions were generated via electrospraying in a vacuum without desolvation. The generated ions were accelerated at an energy of 10 keV and collided with the target sample, and secondary ion mass spectra were obtained for the generated ions using ToF-SIMS. Thus, the proposed water droplet ion-beam device showed potential applicability as a primary ion beam in SIMS.

Keyword

표/그림 (6)

그림 Figure 1. Schematic diagram for the experimental setup of the water droplet ion beam.
그림 Figure 2. Schematic diagram for the homebuilt quadrupole iontrap time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer and the photograph of a sample stage including an image detector.
그림 Figure 3. Photographs of an electrospray (a) in the atmospheric pressure and (b) in the vacuum.
그림 Figure 4. The current of water droplet ion beam monitored and recorded for 60 min.
그림 Figure 5. Photographs of the ion image on the image detector.
그림 Figure 6. Secondary ion mass spectrum recorded for rhodamine 6G sputtered with a 10 keV water droplet ion projectile.

AI 본문요약
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제안 방법

The droplets passing through the extractor were spatially focused by an Einzel lens, and the final focusing was performed using the objective lens installed at the end. A two-stage deflection electrode set that can deflect the ion beam was installed between the two lenses, and a raster electrode was installed at the end of the objective lens to scan the ion beam. Additionally, to prevent freezing of the liquid in the vacuum, the end of the electrospray emitter was irradiated by a continuous wave (CW) near-IR laser module (λ = 808 nm, 1.
The image detector was installed at the same height as the sample on the sample stage, as shown on the right side of Figure 2. By adjusting the voltage of the objective lens, we monitored the image from the image detector to determined the optimal conditions for reducing the size of the water-droplet ion beam. Because the diameter of one MCP channel is 12 μm, and only one MCP used, the size visible on the phosphor screen can reflect the size of the ion beam.

성능/효과

It was confirmed that water droplets were continuously formed on the electrospray emitter at a flow rate of 1.5 μL/min, and a faster flow rate affected the vaccum state by supplying too much sovelnt
Therefore, only relatively dead biological samples can be analyzed. For both of these methods, the movement of the sample stage for high-resolution MSI must be accurately controlled.
The fluctuation in current was because of an unstable supply of high voltage, electrical discharge, or inconsistent supply of solution, which is the flow of the solution. However, the stability of the currently used high-voltage power source for ion beams is approximately 0.05 %, which cannot be considered owing to fluctuations in the output due to voltage. In addition, if there was a significant discharge while measuring the ion beam current, the current would have fluctuated significantly and would not have been measured for a particular period.
05 %, which cannot be considered owing to fluctuations in the output due to voltage. In addition, if there was a significant discharge while measuring the ion beam current, the current would have fluctuated significantly and would not have been measured for a particular period. There was an unstable flow of the solution because the aqueous solution in the vacuum froze at room temperature.
Because the diameter of one MCP channel is 12 μm, and only one MCP used, the size visible on the phosphor screen can reflect the size of the ion beam
The primary technology of SIMS for biological sample analysis is the primary ion beam, which determines how well intact organic molecules in the sample can be ionized. In this study, we generated a water droplet ion beam apparatus that can effortlessly ionize organic biomolecules and confirmed its performance for use in ToF-SIMS analysis. A current of approximately 2 nA for the ion beam, its stability, and the shape of the beam were characterized.
A current of approximately 2 nA for the ion beam, its stability, and the shape of the beam were characterized. Finally, the mass spectrum of the R6G ion, a representative organic dye molecule, produced from the thin film was obtained using ToF-SIMS in combination with a water droplet ion beam apparatus to confirm the possibility of its use as a primary ion beam. The water droplet ion beam device introduced here is smaller than the previously published one and has relatively less interference between other equipment such as ToFMS so it is expected to be easily applied to various ToF-SIMS.
MALDI can achieve better image resolution than DESI because it can reduce the minimum radius of the laser beam to below 5 μm

후속연구

This study developed a primary ion beam with high secondary ionization yield, aiming to have a significant impact on MSI surface analysis. Additionally, a water droplet was formed using a beam instrument similar to that developed by Ninomiya et al.
However, the image on the phosphor screen cannot be the size of the actual ion beam. If the ion beam is sufficiently insignificant than one channel of the MCP, accurate measurement will not be possible. If the ion beam is more significant for one channel, it will be overmeasure because neighboring channels will appear as amplified signals.
Finally, the mass spectrum of the R6G ion, a representative organic dye molecule, produced from the thin film was obtained using ToF-SIMS in combination with a water droplet ion beam apparatus to confirm the possibility of its use as a primary ion beam. The water droplet ion beam device introduced here is smaller than the previously published one and has relatively less interference between other equipment such as ToFMS so it is expected to be easily applied to various ToF-SIMS. And It was designed to use the acceleration energy of the water droplet ion beam up to 20 kV.
This means that it can be used as a surface analysis equipment to generate and analyze various organic molecules under more diverse conditions. In future, we plan to optimize the water droplet ion beam and apply it to mass spectrometry image analysis. Furthermore, this combined equipment will be able to produce more diverse results in organic surface analysis, which and significantly contribute to connectivity between the developed equipment and bio-mass spectrometric analysis.
In future, we plan to optimize the water droplet ion beam and apply it to mass spectrometry image analysis. Furthermore, this combined equipment will be able to produce more diverse results in organic surface analysis, which and significantly contribute to connectivity between the developed equipment and bio-mass spectrometric analysis.

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